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92. Inward FDI in Germany and its policy context, 2012
- Author:
- Thomas Jost
- Publication Date:
- 04-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
- Abstract:
- In 2011 and the first half of 2012, inward FDI (IFDI) flows to Germany continued to be relatively strong. Germany attracte market-seeking MNEs, as its economy showed remarkable economic growth despite the ongoing problems in many other countries of the Eurozone. In the second half of 2012, IFDI flows turned sharply negative, declining for the year as a whole to only US$ 7 billion, compared with US$ 49 billion in 2011. This decline reflects the difficult financial situation of many companies, including banks in the Eurozone, and could also dampen inflows in 2013. In the longer-term, Germany could profit again from rising FDI as its economy has successfully implemented reforms over the past decade, and the German Government has continued to keep its investment policy regime open.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, Markets, and Foreign Direct Investment
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, and Germany
93. The global economy: Healing or still hurting?
- Author:
- Leo Abruzzese
- Publication Date:
- 06-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Abstract:
- After a series of setbacks, the global economy is slowly mending US economy is strengthening; star performer Jobs market is on a modest upswing Housing is bouncing back China is recovering from a slowdown Boom years are over, but so is the slump European debt crisis is stabilizing but austerity is killing the economy Euro zone remains big drag on global growth Japan is showing signs of recovery under a new government Central banks are supporting the bounce - back in a big way Don't expect a brisk recovery, though; many risks remains Debt levels still high; asset prices are volatile; tensions in Middle East, China, Kore and has stabilised in Europe, but at a low level. In Germany, manufacturing output is rising again.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, Markets, Monetary Policy, and Infrastructure
- Political Geography:
- United States and China
94. Stronger U.S. – EU Trade Creates Everyday Benefits
- Author:
- Jeff Okun-Kozlowicki and Gabe Horwitz
- Publication Date:
- 12-2013
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Third Way
- Abstract:
- The economic relationship between the United States and the European Union (EU) is so strong and so deeply integrated into multinational supply chains that policymakers often forget about it. Even with recent economic turbulence, the EU is America's largest trading partner. The EU remains one of the most important markets for the United States in terms of exports, two-way investment, and domestic job creation. But our marriage could be even stronger—especially at a time when both sides are seeking to recover from several years of lean economic growth. Breaking down trade barriers and spurring cooperation in key sectors would have significant benefits for American manufacturers and consumers in terms of the movies you watch, the car you drive, and the products you use.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- United States, America, and North America
95. North American Competitiveness: The San Diego Agenda
- Author:
- Christopher Sands, Duncan Wood, and Laura Dawson
- Publication Date:
- 11-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Hudson Institute
- Abstract:
- The 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among Canada, Mexico, and the United States was a bold experiment in economic integration and regional cooperation. To be successful, the initiative demanded political leadership and a commitment to regionalism. It required a vision that extended beyond short-term national interest and it demanded creative thinking about how three large countries could integrate their markets in a meaningful way.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- United States, Canada, North America, and Mexico
96. Institutional Choices for Regulating Oil and Gas Wells
- Author:
- Lee Lane
- Publication Date:
- 02-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Hudson Institute
- Abstract:
- Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is one of the technologies that have enabled large increases both in the current production of natural gas and in estimates of recoverable reserves. However, as new technology has triggered a boom in onshore U.S. gas exploration and production (E), environmental concerns have multiplied. Much of the concern centers on use of HF. As public concern has risen, so have calls for federal regulatory control. The Interior Department has adopted tighter controls on the use of HF on public lands. Also, two former Obama White House aides, Carol Browner and Jody Freeman, have argued for more EPA regulation of all use of HF in oil and gas drilling. To achieve this control, they propose to repeal the partial oil and gas exemption under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Bills to this effect, dubbed the FRAC Act, were proposed in the last two Congresses, but they were not adopted.
- Topic:
- Economics, Environment, International Trade and Finance, and Natural Resources
- Political Geography:
- United States and North America
97. An Economic NATO: A New Alliance for a New Global Order
- Author:
- C. Boyden Gray
- Publication Date:
- 02-2013
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- In the aftermath of World War II, the greatest concern facing the United States and its European allies was restraining the Soviet Union and preventing the spread of communism. Cooperation on military security was paramount, and the United States and Europe rose to the challenge by creating NATO, a new type of multilateral defense agreement. Once again, the transatlantic relationship is at a new and perilous crossroads. But now it is economic, rather than military security that is at risk. Crisis grips the economies of Europe, just as the United States, mired in historic levels of unemployment in the wake of the 2008 recession, is rethinking its strategic priorities and place in the world. As before, fears mount concerning the future of liberal democracy and Western capitalism. The question is whether transatlantic cooperation will again rise to the challenge.
- Topic:
- NATO, Economics, International Trade and Finance, Treaties and Agreements, Financial Crisis, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, and North America
98. The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Ambitious but Achievable
- Author:
- Garrett Workman and Tyson Barker
- Publication Date:
- 04-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- As leaders in the United States and Europe prepare for the formal launch of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) talks, the Bertelsmann Foundation and the Atlantic Council have conducted a survey of trade policy experts from the public and private sectors on both sides of the Atlantic to gauge their expectations for the results of negotiations. This policy brief examines the results of this survey and analyzes its policy implications in three possible scenarios. The United States and Europe have discussed a transatlantic free trade area in various guises for decades. But as negotiations for a new Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) begin, this time seems different. Both sides recognize the need to stimulate their stagnant economies in the aftermath of the financial and Eurozone crises. In an age of austerity, as debt and deficit problems have led to a major loss of market confidence in the United States and Europe's ability to recover in a sustainable manner, a deepened trade relationship marks a path forward without adding to national debt levels. Furthermore, the rise of the emerging markets—particularly China—which often subscribe to a different economic model focused on state-owned enterprises and government directed investment decisions, marks a historic decision-point for the transatlantic community.
- Topic:
- Debt, International Trade and Finance, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, and Atlantic Ocean
99. Envisioning 2030: US Strategy for the Coming Technology Revolution
- Publication Date:
- 12-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- This report has a simple message: We are not prepared for the negative consequences of many new technologies or as well-positioned as we should be to take full advantage of the benefits. Emerging technologies are likely to be more beneficial than detrimental, but the opposite could be true if we are not careful. This report examines emerging technologies in three broad areas—energy, smart cities, and manufacturing—that are playing critical yet disruptive roles: all present opportunities for the US and its partners, but also huge challenges and risks.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, Science and Technology, and Hegemony
- Political Geography:
- United States
100. Mexico Rising: Comprehensive Energy Reform at Last?
- Author:
- David J. Goldwyn
- Publication Date:
- 12-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- Mexico's Congress passed its final hurdle to reform the Constitution and allow for private investment in the energy industry on December 12, 2013. This significant achievement heralds the most comprehensive energy reform in the last seventy-five years of the country's history.
- Topic:
- Economics, Energy Policy, International Trade and Finance, Markets, and Oil
- Political Geography:
- United States, Latin America, and Mexico