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21. Cuando la paz depende delos objetos cotidianos (When Peace Depends Upon Everyday Objects)

Author:
Pol Bargués
Publication Date:
06-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
Este artículo acude al pragmatismo filosófico para dar sentido a las crecientes sensibilidades“ neo-materialistas” o “socio-naturales”en los procesos de construcciónde paz. Se ha evolucionado de la idea de paz liberal, en que organizaciones internacionales trataban de imponer transiciones liberales y democráticas en sociedades afectadas por el conflicto, hacia intervenciones que promueven procesos de paz inclusivos y que dan importancia a los elementos materiales sobre los que se edifica el día a día de las gentes. Estos procesos son mucho más experimentales, inciertose imprevisibles. El pragmatismo de James y Dewey sirve tanto para entender las limitaciones y las críticas a la paz liberal, así como para intuir las oportunidades y riesgos que se toman cuando la paz depende delos objetos cotidianos.
Topic:
Philosophy, Peace, Liberalism, and Pragmatism
Political Geography:
Global Focus

22. An Introduction to ‘Peace, Conflicts and Security in the Anthropocene: Ruptures and Limits’

Author:
Ignasi Torrent
Publication Date:
06-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
Throughout the last two decades, numerous disciplines across the natural and social sciences have witnessed the increasing influence of an emerging set of contemporary theoretical trends that delve into the entanglements between the human and its material milieu (see Haraway, 2016; Latour, 2005).Beyond rigid attributed labels, including new materialisms,Actor-Network theory, speculative realisms and object-orientedontology, amongst others, the genealogy of these theoretical movements arguably traces back to the confluence of two mutually reinforcing processes. On the one hand, the current unprecedented techno-scientific progress in areas such as Earth System Sciences and Science and Technology Studies has led to compelling narratives on unsettling events, including the potential effects of global warming as well as the uncertain future implications of developments in fields as, for instance, Artificial Intelligence. As a result of these challenges and speculations, the hypothetical finitude of the human being on the planet, far from abstract apocalyptic discourses, has become a strikingly perceptible experience. In other words, the stories about the distinctive, superior and masterful character of the human on Earth increasingly seem to fade, and its future seems unquestionably inextricable from broader beyond-the-human phenomena(see Tsing, 2015).The present age in which the human has compromised its own existence, or at least its position of dominance, to anthropogenic processes that surpass the sphere of human control has been defined by many scholars as the Anthropocene (see Crutzen &Stoermer, 2000).On the other hand, the tenets of this growing theoretical rubric claim the exhaustion and incapacity of the post-positivist paradigm, arguably the dominant register within critical theory over the last forty years, as unable to provide analytical tools that enhance the comprehensive understanding of the repositioning of the human in the Anthropocene era(see Bryant, Srnicek &Harman, 2011).To be precise, the limits of textual, discursive and semiotic methodological techniques are exposed as insufficient to capture and examine how Anthropocenic processes of transformation are reconfiguring the role of the human on the planet, let alone the relations with its environment.
Topic:
Security, Conflict, Peace, and Anthropocene
Political Geography:
Global Focus

23. Redes sociales, desinformación, cibersoberanía y vigilancia digital: una visión desde la ciberseguridad

Author:
Mariano César Bartolomé
Publication Date:
11-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
Luego de un desarrollo de cincuenta años, Internet es la piedra basal del ciberespacio. Los usuarios de esta red superan ampliamente la mitad de la población mundial y su influencia alcanza todos los aspectos de las sociedades contemporáneas. En la actualidad, la libertad de acceso a Internet está considerada dentro del campo de los Derechos Humanos; sin embargo, al mismo tiempo crecen las dudas acerca de la credibilidad de la información existente en la red, así como la preocupación por la privacidad de los datos personales que allí circulan. Este artículo se enfoca, desde una perspectiva de ciberseguridad, en tres aspectos vinculados al respeto de las garantías y derechos individuales: la accesibilidad a Internet y la vigilancia digital; el funcionamientode las redes sociales y la privacidad de los datos personales que ellas emplean y almacenan; y el uso de las redes sociales en acciones de desinformación que incluyen noticias falsas (fake news) y narrativas de posverdad
Topic:
Sovereignty, Cybersecurity, Social Media, Surveillance, and Disinformation
Political Geography:
Global Focus

24. El comercio internacional de armamento y las ventajas comparativas

Author:
Victoria Alonso
Publication Date:
11-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
En este artículo se pretende explicar la adecuación de los modelos que explican el comercio internacional en términos generales al ámbito del comercio internacional de material de defensa. Estudiaremos la evolución de los modelos explicativos del comercio para ver en quémedida servirán o no para explicar el comercio en seguridad y defensa, particularmente en el modelo Heckscher-Ohlin. Con el objeto a entender el comercio de material de uso militar recurrimos a un análisis de la composición de la industria,estudiando casos de los principales exportadores e importadores, así como los motivos que llevan adar el salto de la mera producción de bienes al comercio internacional teniendo en cuenta las distintas maneras de exportar y las regulaciones a las que se puede enfrentar la industria cuando decide lanzarse al comercio internacional.
Topic:
Defense Policy, International Trade and Finance, Trade, and Industry
Political Geography:
Global Focus

25. La industria española de defensa ante los nuevos conflictos: capacidades a aportar

Author:
Christian D. Villanueva
Publication Date:
11-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
Conflictos como los de Nagorno-Karabaj, el Donbás, Libia, Siria o Yemen han demostrado que incluso en escenarios tan diferentes, la difusión de los avances clave que protagonizaron la Revolución en los Asuntos Militares de la Información, es un hecho. Es más, la mayor parte de dichos avances están tan consolidados, que ya son de uso cotidiano no solo por parte de numerosos Estados, sino por sus proxiese, incluso, por parte de grupos terroristas y criminales transnacionales. Este fenómeno está íntimamente asociado a la erosión de la superioridad militar estadounidense, país que ve cómo la República Popular de China o la Federación Rusa, pero también Corea del Norte o Irán son capaces de retar a la otrora superpotencia. En este escenario, conscientes de la necesidad de compensar los avances realizados por el resto de actores, los EE. UU. han lanzado una serie de iniciativas, como la Third Offset Strategy, encaminados a lograr nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos y armamentísticos susceptibles de desembocar en una nueva Revolución en los Asuntos Militares o, quizá, en una Revolución Militar en toda regla. En este complejo contexto, en el que confluirán conflictos librados con medios heredados, con las nuevas armas, sistemas y plataformas y con la entrada en servicio de desarrollos que todavía no imaginamos, la industria española de defensa deberá luchar por sobrevivir, sabiendo que su principal cliente -el Ministerio de Defensa de España-, se encuentra en una situación muy delicada de cara a afrontar esta nueva etapa.
Topic:
Science and Technology, Conflict, Strategic Competition, Defense Industry, and Military
Political Geography:
Global Focus

26. El problema del coste de la defensa

Author:
Carlos Marti Sempere
Publication Date:
11-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
Este artículo aborda la cuestión del coste asociado ala defensa, es decir, de los recursos que la sociedad debe dedicar a proporcionar seguridad a sus miembros. En él se examina los métodos y formas de establecer y distribuir estos recursos para obtener un conjunto apropiado de capacidades militares que soporten la percepción de seguridad del ciudadano, resolviendo así el problema de la defensa y aumentando así el bienestar económico y social. Se trata de una cuestión antigua que hasido objeto de una preocupación constante del ser humano.La novedad más importante de este artículo es examina resta cuestión desde la perspectiva de la racionalidad limitada del ser humano, dela información imperfecta de la que dispone, de la existencia de preferencias sin una clara racionalidad económica y de instituciones y normas deeficacia limitada. Todo ello conducea asignaciones de recursos para la defensa que pueden encontrarse lejos delos valores que ofrecen un bienestar general mayor.
Topic:
Defense Policy, Economics, Markets, Welfare, and Efficiency
Political Geography:
Global Focus

27. La industria de defensa en el mundo: hechos estilizados y tendencias

Author:
Antonio Fonfría
Publication Date:
11-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
Al igual que en otros ámbitos, las transformaciones tecnológicas, junto con su elevada velocidad han ido incorporándose en los sistemas de armas a través de la industria de defensa mundial. Sin embargo, no es posible conocer hasta qué punto los nuevos liderazgos tecnológicos están socavando los cimientos de los que había hasta ahora.Junto a ello, los cambios en los ámbitos geopolítico y geoeconómico están generando una realidad en la que aspectos como el comercio internacional de armamento, la irrupción de las PYME en el sector o, en lo que a la UE se refiere, el impulso a la política de defensa, transforman la morfología y relaciones entre los agentes que intervienen en este mercado. ¿Cuáles pueden ser las tendencias de futuro considerando los principales hechos estilizados que se observan en la actualidad?
Topic:
Science and Technology, European Union, Weapons, and Defense Industry
Political Geography:
Global Focus

28. Migrations and Security. The Problematic Circularity ‘Philosophy, Law and Politics’

Author:
Giovanni Bombelli
Publication Date:
05-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
This article focuses on the problematic nexus migration-security, which calls into question classical philosophical-legal and political categories (State, law, territory) dating back to the origins of the modernity. The analysis of Hobbes’ and Grotius’ insights allows to grasp the distance between the modern framework and the post-modern scenarios. The contemporary complex societies are characterized by fundamental socio-legal transitions, in particular as regards the notion of “privacy”, and by the progressive implementation of a new model of law and politics relations that is closely connected to the crucial role played by technology. In the light of this horizon, the migration issue, and its relations with the political phenomenon called “populism”, should be fundamentally understood in a cultural perspective even before its immediate sociological, political and legal projections.
Topic:
Security, Migration, Politics, Culture, and Law
Political Geography:
Spain and Global Focus

29. Ulysses Syndrome: Immigrant Limit Stress / El Síndrome de Ulises: el estrés límite del inmigrante

Author:
Juan Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, Neidy Zenaida Domínguez Pineda, and Fernando Miralles Muñoz
Publication Date:
05-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
In the development of this work, a presentation has been made of the current conditions that can be found in the migratory process and that have the possibility of giving rise to the appearance of the so-called Ulysses Syndrome or Limit Stress Syndrome, in the immigrant population. In this article, special reference is made to the conditions that can be found today in our country, quantitative data are offered that can form a very approximate idea of ​​the enormous magnitude and importance of this migratory phenomenon. Next, a description of the characteristics of the so-called Ulysses Syndrome or Immigrant Syndrome with Chronic and Multiple Stress has been made. In the development of this work, these main characteristics have been shown, with special emphasis on the appearance of a mourning process and on the stress that Ulysses Syndrome can entail. Likewise, the different areas of personal functioning that may be impaired in immigrants and their similarity to a process of mourning (with the possibility of up to seven different types of mourning) have been commented, mainly due to the different personal issues and the different social factors that immigrants leave in their various countries of origin. Next, the symptoms of Ulysses Syndrome are described and the different areas of involvement of people suffering from this disorder are also described. Lastly, a brief reference is made to the possible therapeutic intervention in people affected by the problems described, both if they are in an adult age or if they are in a young infantile age. As it cannot be otherwise, the Syndrome requires preventive intervention, both at the individual and community level.
Topic:
Migration, Immigrants, and Stress
Political Geography:
Europe and Global Focus

30. The Human Security Deficit as a Cause for Migratory and Refugee Flows: The design of an Accurate Response / El déficit de seguridad humana como causa de los flujos migratorios: el diseño de una respuesta precisa

Author:
Gracia Abad Quintanal
Publication Date:
05-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
Institution:
International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
Abstract:
The end of the Cold War has given way to an impressive tranformation of the security concept, which has experienced an incredible expansion over the last few decades. This expansion has also gone hand by hand with the emergence of new concepts which might allow better analysis in this realm. The human security concept stands out among such new concepts as a result of its analytical value, in spite of all the criticism it has received. One of the questions which has become securitized in the context of the mentioned expansion of the security concept is migration. However, even if migrations have been approached too frequently from a traditional security concept based on the state and its sovereignty, the human seecurity concepts seems a much better tool for the analysis of this reality and its causes. In this sense, we cannot forget that people become migrants or refugees because they see questioned their personal security. Likewise, we have to pay attention to the extent to which, the host states and, particularly, their societies, may see their political, economic and societal security in danger. Therefore, the analysis should pay attention to the security challenges of both, host societies and migrants and refugees. Besides, only an analysis on the basis of the human security concept will allow us to come up with an accurate response to the question of migratory and refugee flows, this is a response which pays attention to some key aspects such as conflict prevention and management an growth and development promotion in the countries of origin of migrants and refugees, always in cooperation with those countries themselves. Such un analysis will show the indivisible nature of security and the fact that the security of host societies and that of migrants and refugees, far from being incompatible, go hand by hand.
Topic:
Development, Migration, Refugees, Conflict, and Human Security
Political Geography:
Europe and Global Focus