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15702. Oil and Capital Flight: The Case of Angola
- Author:
- Nicholas Shaxson
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Abstract:
- Angola’s “paradox of plenty,” as a country with rich resources and poor development outcomes, makes it ideal for the study of capital flight. With the fifth largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa, the country is known not for what it has done with its vast natural resource endowment, but what it has failed to do with it. The country features prominently in the literature on the ‘resource curse,' as the discovery and exploitation of petroleum has suffocated the development of other economic sectors while profiting the national elite and its foreign partners. This has been accomplished notably through establishment of a powerful parastatal to manage oil, Sonangol, which observers have described as “an island of competence” yet has been instrumental to wealth extraction. Angola’s oil and diamonds also played a critical role in motivating and financing the country’s prolonged and devastating civil war.
- Topic:
- Development, Oil, Political Economy, Natural Resources, Conflict, and Capital Flight
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Angola
15703. Post-American Moments in Global Financial Governance in the New Millennium
- Author:
- Ilene Grabel
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Abstract:
- It is difficult to find much to celebrate about the current conjuncture, marked as it is by deeply destructive incoherence. The best that can be said is that we are in an interregnum. But I suggest that today’s incoherence also includes productive and even transformative moments. I argue that incoherence in global financial governance should be understood as productive in several respects. It is creating and widening alternative spaces in which some of the values, practices, tools, objectives, and goals associated with embedded liberalism can be rearticulated in a world in which there is no “order,” American-led or otherwise. The silver lining of incoherence is that it creates space for experimentation and innovation unconstrained by an overarching “ism.” Incoherence is creating exits or leakages from noxious national and global policy environments, rendering it less poisonous than it would be in the absence of ideational aperture and contestation, competing policies, institutions, networks, and poles of power. The abdication by the US of its traditional role of global coordination and discipline, as exerted under the post-war embedded liberal or the neoliberal American-led orders, is creating opportunities for more permissive and varied “reembededness” and diverse forms of economic integration. The emerging regime reflects neither your grandmother’s American-led order 1.0 or 2.0. In this morbid post-American interregnum there is no singular “ism” or “alternative order,” a fact that I do not mourn.
- Topic:
- Governance, Finance, Global Political Economy, and Neoliberalism
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus and United States of America
15704. Concrete Steps Toward a Feminist Foreign Policy
- Author:
- Stephenie Foster, Susan Markham, and Sahana Dharmapuri
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Our Secure Future
- Abstract:
- This paper seeks to do one thing: to make recommendations about how a feminist foreign policy could be operationalized within the US government. Main Recommendations: Diversify Representation; Prioritize Gender in Information Collection and Analysis; Ensure Input From Those Affected; Reform the Institutional Structure; Increase Accountability of Individuals and Transparency of Institutions; Increase Resources; Utilize Technology.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Government, Science and Technology, Feminism, Representation, Diversity, Accountability, Institutions, Transparency, and Gender
- Political Geography:
- North America and United States of America
15705. Teaching the WPS Agenda in a Changing Security Landscape: Women, Peace and Security Curriculum Consortium
- Author:
- Erin Cooper
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Our Secure Future
- Abstract:
- UN Security Council Resolution 1325 was unanimously supported in 2000. Twenty years in, even with such broad ranging support, progress towards the goals of Women, Peace and Security (WPS) has been slower than expected. In Canada and the United States, there is a legal mandate to incorporate Women, Peace and Security in the military and civil service sector, but implementation has been met with many challenges. Trainings and educational programs on WPS are created in silos such as academia, military, government, etc., and are often ad hoc. WPS and gender-based analysis must be mainstreamed throughout the entirety of the defense sector. Professional military education (PME) was identified as a key area to target to ensure a broader knowledge base and application of the WPS agenda. Key Findings: Introduce gender analysis/gender-based analysis plus (GBA+) early in the career of military and civil service members, treating it as a core capacity integrated throughout all levels and aspects of training and education; Start with the gender assessment of a situation to mainstream gender at the beginning of a decision-making or project design process; Integrate gender analysis/GBA+ and the WPS framework in operational military planning and training scenarios as taught by PME; Prioritize cross-pollination between PME, academic institutions, and policymakers for successful integration across the field; “real-world” applications, curriculum design, terminology/vocabulary, research, and theory should all inform each other; Ensure frequent consultation with civil society to design, monitor, and evaluate implementation of strategy and commitments; Professionalize the field with regular convenings and budget support that demonstrate institutional commitment to gender analysis/GBA+ and integration.
- Topic:
- Security, Armed Forces, WPS, Civil Servants, and Gender
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
15706. Women, Peace & Security, and the Digital Ecosystem: Five Emerging Trends in the Technology and Gender Policy Landscape
- Author:
- Sahana Dharmapuri and Jolynn Shoemaker
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Our Secure Future
- Abstract:
- While technology offers immense potential for humanity, the digital ecosystem has also revealed a darker side - and it is closely intertwined with gender inequality. From lack of participation and access to gender-based bias, harassment, and abuse, women’s experiences in the technology space and with digital platforms are often amplifying inequalities. These issues are not central priorities for technology leaders or policymakers, much like other facets of society. There are pockets of attention on gender dynamics, but they are siloed from one another, and this has prevented a full picture of the landscape or its broader implications. Despite some calls for values-driven or human-centered technology development, and for embedding human rights into technology policy, international policy frameworks that underscore human rights and gender equality are largely missing from the conversation. The proliferation of disinformation, targeting of women political candidates, or marginalized groups such as LGBTQ+ communities on Twitter, Facebook, TikTok, and other platforms, are repeating patterns and events in the digital ecosystem that have significant consequences for society. We were able to identify these system failures as repeating events that affect at least 50% of technology companies’ end-users--and half of the world’s population. For policymakers, the costs of ignoring these trends could lead to new technology, peace and security structures, processes that weaken core human rights, and gender equality norms and obligations around the world.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, Women, Digitalization, WPS, Bias, and Gender
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
15707. Policy Papers by Women of Color: Systemic Racism, International Discrimination, and Inequities in France's Healthcare System
- Author:
- Sherihane Bensemmane, Yasmine El Addouli, and Saara Bouhouche
- Publication Date:
- 09-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Women of Color Advancing Peace, Security and Conflict Transformation (WCAPS)
- Abstract:
- This first policy paper launches the RAP Initiative’s policy papers series Institutional Racism and Discrimination in Healthcare Systems Globally, which will continue to be published over the coming months. The series explores how racism and discrimination affect communities of color’s health, security, and quality of life across the world, particularly for women and girls, and what we can do to ensure more equality, equity, and justice for all.
- Topic:
- Health, Discrimination, Intersectionality, Racism, and Systemic Racism
- Political Geography:
- Europe and France
15708. Policy Papers by Women of Color: GenZer Perspectives on Redefining National Security
- Author:
- Ahliaa Moore, Shreeti Amit, Kritika Nagappa, Rosie Khan, Janet Abou-Elias, Arunima Mehrotra, Lillian Mauldin, and Momal Rizvi
- Publication Date:
- 10-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Women of Color Advancing Peace, Security and Conflict Transformation (WCAPS)
- Abstract:
- Includes: "Redefining National Security: A Return to Individual Rights"; "Redefining National Security: Diverse Voices in an Increasingly Interconnected World"; "Redefining National Security: Through the Eyes of a Young Woman of Color"; "Redefining National Security: The Necessity of Human Security"; "I Am Not a Threat: National Security and People of Color in the United States: Redefining National Security."
- Topic:
- National Security, Diversity, Human Security, Generation Z, and People of Color (POC)
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus and United States of America
15709. Diving Deeper: Under the surface of LBQTI Funding
- Author:
- Global Philanthropy Project (GPP)
- Publication Date:
- 06-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Global Philanthropy Project (GPP)
- Abstract:
- Diving Deeper: Under the surface of LBQTI funding data explores gaps and improvements over time and identifies opportunities to increase funding for LBQ, trans, and intersex communities and movements. The brief also identifies top LBTQI funders and shares good practice examples of government and multilateral funders integrating LBQTI issues into their gender equality development programming.
- Topic:
- Development, LGBT+, Equality, Philanthropy, Funding, and Gender
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
15710. Diving Deeper: Under the surface of Intermediary Funding
- Author:
- Global Philanthropy Project (GPP)
- Publication Date:
- 06-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Global Philanthropy Project (GPP)
- Abstract:
- Diving Deeper: Under the surface of Intermediary funding data compares data on different types of intermediaries in order to provide greater understanding to the field about how, where, and to whom intermediaries are distributing resources. The brief also examines how government, multilateral, and private foundation funders partner with intermediaries to support global LGBTI rights and development.
- Topic:
- Development, Human Rights, LGBT+, Data, Philanthropy, and Funding
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus