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291. State-Sponsored Homophobia (2014)

Author:
Lucas Paoli Itaborahy and Jingsu Zhu
Publication Date:
05-2014
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
ILGA World (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association)
Abstract:
Every year, ILGA World publishes its State-Sponsored Homophobia report, a world survey of sexual orientation laws. Since its first edition, back in 2006, ILGA World’s State-Sponsored Homophobia has been a fundamental resource for those interested in accessing the core information on legislation affecting people on the basis of their sexual orientation. Not only human rights defenders, but also civil society organisations, governmental and United Nations agencies, allies and media worldwide value the publication as one of the main sources of information on the issue. The publication is accompanied by a series of maps and charts illustrating where criminalisation, protection and recognition laws exist.
Topic:
Human Rights, Law, LGBT+, and Homophobia
Political Geography:
Global Focus

292. Documenting Legal Dissonance: Legal Pluralism in Papua New Guinea

Author:
Shaun Larcom and Timothy Swanson
Publication Date:
01-2014
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for International Environmental Studies, The Graduate Institute (IHEID)
Abstract:
We examine the case of payback killings and similar retributive sanctions in the context of a transplant regime such as that existing in Papua New Guinea. This is a post-colonial regime with multiple overlaid legal systems, with significant negative interaction existing between the different regimes. We explain how multiple regimes can co-exist in the context of negative externalities. To explain such an outcome, we provide a simple model for considering the interaction between legal regimes within a single jurisdiction. We demonstrate that, even when the fundamental relationship between such regimes is to behave as substitutes for one another, the existence of negative externalities between the enforcement technologies can result in the withdrawal of enforcement efforts. We term this phenomenon legal dissonance – the situation in which legal regimes interact negatively in their production technologies. This model is then applied to the post-colonial state of Papua New Guinea where we use survey data to identify significant negative production externalities in the enforcement of informal law. We suggest that disorder may be the outcome of too much law.
Topic:
Law Enforcement, Law, Norms, and Pluralism
Political Geography:
Papua New Guinea

293. A Comparative Study Evaluating Performance of Old Traffic Police (OTP) & New Traffic Police (NTP) in Twin Cities (Rawalpindi & Islamabad)

Author:
Saif-ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi, Latafat Aziz, and Asim Muneeb Khan
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
The effectiveness of the law enforcement agencies is quite essential for provision of good public services to masses and ensuring law and order. Traffic Police is an important component of policing that secures lives through proper implementation of traffic laws. A study was conducted in twin cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad to explore the effectiveness of the new Traffic Police system and to judge how it performed comparatively better than that of old traffic police. A Random sample of 266 respondents who possessed driving licenses and driving vehicles was drawn from public and private sector institutions and from general public. This included university faculty, drivers in the university departments, taxi and bus drivers and general public driving their personal vehicles. A pre designed questionnaire was used to collect data through field surveys. The study reported that NTP are fair in their dealings with public, have good attitudes in terms of traffic regulation. They provide safety to all road users without discrimination and ensure rule of law through equal application. They strictly follow rules, are having courteous attitude, have mature dealing with public and arrive timely in case of the accident. It was concluded that such type of cultural change needs to be planned in general police especially those working in police stations.
Topic:
Law, Police, Cities, and Behavior
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

294. Making Social Rights Real: Implementation Strategies for Courts, Decision Makers and Civil Society

Author:
Celeste Kauffman and César Rodríguez Garavito
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Dejusticia
Abstract:
In this document, we have examined the challenge of implementing ESCR decisions at the domestic, regional, and international levels. First, we have considered various factors that influence the implementation of ESCR decisions and have provided an overview of existing implementation mechanisms in regional and international law. Second, we have used case studies to illustrate aspects of successfully implemented decisions at the domestic, regional, and international levels. Finally, based on the successful case studies, we have outlined several implementation strategies that may be useful to domestic courts, regional and international courts, civil society, and human rights institutions.
Topic:
Civil Society, Human Rights, International Law, Law, Courts, Civil Rights, and Legal Sector
Political Geography:
Latin America

295. Primer: Support Technologies for Human Rights Lawyers

Publication Date:
02-2014
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Open Society Foundations
Abstract:
This study looks at the place that technologies may have in helping human rights lawyers work most effectively. It looks at three classes of technologies: 1. Case and practice management tools, for managing the day­to­day flow of information around a case, such as the exchange of documents, task management and dates. 2. E­Discovery tools for digitizing, organizing and reviewing collections of documents, data or other material that could be evidence in a case. 3. Investigation and case building tools for organizing and analyzing the facts of a case or group of cases, providing visual overviews on maps, network charts and timelines. The goal is to provide an understanding of the problems that the available tools target, a framework for thinking about how these technologies may fit into to your work, and a good understanding of the costs involved.
Topic:
Human Rights, Science and Technology, Law, Digital Policy, and Legal Sector
Political Geography:
Global Focus