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42. The challenge to US hegemony and the “Gilpin Dilemma”
- Author:
- Giorgio Romano Schutte
- Publication Date:
- 04-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- This article makes a comparison between the challenges faced by the US to maintain its hegemonic position at the end of the 1970s and in the 2010s. To do so we review Robert Gilpin’s writing during the first period. He suggested the US had three options: 1) a defensive protectionist reaction 2) fragmentation of the international system 3) a new wave of innovation, (“rejuvenation”). It is argued that the Reagan administration was able to establish support for the third option. We argue the US is now faced with the same dilemma again, but with a different kind of challenger: China.
- Topic:
- Foreign Direct Investment, Hegemony, Conflict, and Innovation
- Political Geography:
- China, Asia, North America, and United States of America
43. The Copenhagen School in South America: the (de)securitization of UNASUR (2008-2017)
- Author:
- Jose Antonio Sanahuja and Francisco Javier Verdes-Montenegro Escanez
- Publication Date:
- 05-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- This paper examines the most significant processes of securitization and desecuritization occurring at the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) from its inception in 2008 until 2017, when UNASUR began to experience a gridlock. The analysis begins with the hypotheses of desecuritization of armed conflict among the South American countries, as well as their approach to problems drug-related. To this end, the paper is based on a critical theory of security with focus on securitization, and offers an expanded and/or discursive conception of security that goes beyond the military dimension.
- Topic:
- Security, Regional Cooperation, Military Strategy, and Regionalism
- Political Geography:
- South America
44. The demise of the INF Treaty: a path dependence analysis
- Author:
- Augusto C. Dall'Agnol and Marco Cepik
- Publication Date:
- 05-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- This article explains changes in strategic stability through a path dependence framework, discussing its antecedent conditions, increasing returns, cleavages, critical junctures, reactive sequences, and legacy. We identify the leading causes of its formation, reproduction, modification, and, eventually, its end. Such an analysis is relevant as far as we observe significant changes in cornerstone’s aspects of strategic stability after the abrogation of the ABM Treaty and the INF Treaty. We argue that strategic stability as an institution passes through radical modifications produced by reactive sequences breaking the causal loop that allowed its reproduction since its formation.
- Topic:
- Arms Control and Proliferation, Diplomacy, Military Strategy, and INF Treaty
- Political Geography:
- North America and United States of America
45. The Chinese South-South development cooperation: an assessment of its structural transformation
- Author:
- Javier Vadell, Giuseppe Lo Brutto, and Alexandre Cesar Cunha Leite
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- This paper aims to analyze the Chinese cooperation with developing countries, its purposes, shapes and intentions in order to explore the peculiar characteristics of Chinese SSC. This work seeks to analyze whether the cooperation carried out by China with countries of the Global South fits the principles of South-South cooperation and if and how China is modifying the international aid regime.
- Topic:
- International Cooperation, Foreign Aid, and Development Aid
- Political Geography:
- China, Asia, and Global South
46. Development finance with Chinese characteristics: financing the Belt and Road Initiative
- Author:
- Hongsong Liu, Yue Xu, and Xinzhu Fan
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is clearly aimed at international development, and designed to jointly build a regional economic cooperation framework that is open, inclusive and balanced. Financial integration is the cornerstone of the BRI, and development finance is the most widely used mode of cooperation in financing. Development finance with Chinese characteristics is concessional and development-oriented, differing from Official Development Finance (ODF) defined by the OECD. Based on its development experiences, China applies development finance with Chinese characteristics to the BRI projects. This benefits countries along the Belt and Road by facilitating their sustainable development.
- Topic:
- International Cooperation, International Development, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and Development Aid
- Political Geography:
- China and Global South
47. Patterns of Official Development Assistance in Tajikistan: effects on growth and poverty reduction
- Author:
- Mubinzhon Abduvaliev and Ricardo Bustillo
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of official development assistance on economic growth and poverty reduction in Tajikistan, as well as to examine the recent role of South-South Cooperation. We used a panel data set on economic growth and poverty estimates in Tajikistan, and found that a 1% increase of official development assistance provoked a 1.6% rise in per capita GDP and a 0.48% decrease in poverty levels in Tajikistan. Despite the increased relevance of South-South Cooperation in Tajikistan, the current bilateral cooperation pattern does not allow us to think South–South aid will create employment and growth opportunities.
- Topic:
- Poverty, Economic Growth, and Development Aid
- Political Geography:
- Central Asia and Tajikistan
48. Enlarging the donor base: an analysis of the World Food Programme’s reform process and the Brazilian bridge diplomacy
- Author:
- Thiago Lima and Jenifer Queila Santana
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- Brazil became one of the world’s largest food donors after the WFP went through a reform process. The reform allowed non-traditional donors to donate food provided that other partners paid for logistical costs. We analyzed the reform process through documental analysis and interviews to understand Brazil’s role in this. The results show that both actors had complementary interests. However, whilst Brazil had ambitions of prominence in this area, it adopted a rule-taker position. The WFP’s Secretariat was the main driving force in the process and, to some extent, co-opted Brazil.
- Topic:
- Humanitarian Aid, International Cooperation, Foreign Aid, Donors, and World Food Program (WFP)
- Political Geography:
- Brazil and South America
49. From poverty reduction to global challenges, a new horizon for international development cooperation?
- Author:
- Philippe Andre Orliange
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, The Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda laid the foundations of a new system of international development cooperation in which middle income countries are playing an increasingly important role, National Development Banks are becoming key players although broadly consensual regulatory framework are still insufficient.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Poverty, Finance, Sustainable Development Goals, International Development, and Banks
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
50. The changing nature and architecture of U.S. democracy assistance
- Author:
- Luiza Rodrigues Mateo
- Publication Date:
- 12-2020
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
- Institution:
- Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
- Abstract:
- Democracy assistance is an important tool of United States foreign policy, serving strategic interests in association with several agendas, from human rights to national security. The objective of this article is to make a historical reconstruction of the definitions and practices of American democracy assistance, describing its institutional architecture, budgetary levels and political priorities. Special attention is given to U.S. foreign aid rationale and contemporary trends, recapturing the last thirty years of growth in democracy assistance since the end of the Cold War.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Foreign Aid, and Democracy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus and United States of America