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102. Building Inclusive Economies How Women’s Economic Advancement Promotes Sustainable Growth
- Author:
- Gayle Tzemach Lemmon and Rachel B. Vogelstein
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Council on Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- The connection between women’s economic participation and prosperity is undeniable. Over the past two decades, a growing number of international organizations and world leaders have recognized that the economic empowerment of women is critical to economic growth and stability. Multilateral bodies such as the Group of Twenty and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum have ratified agreements to promote women in the economy as a means to stimulate growth, and governments from the Ivory Coast to Rwanda to Japan have adopted reforms to increase women’s ability to contribute to their economies
- Topic:
- Gender Issues and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
103. Smart Specialisation: championing the EU’s economic growth and investment agenda?
- Author:
- Alison Hunter
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- European Policy Centre (EPC)
- Abstract:
- Introduced as an ex ante conditionality in the 2014-2020 Cohesion Policy, Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) require regions to develop smart priorities and direct investment efforts towards growth-oriented innovation. In the space of only four years, S3 has become widely regarded as a success story across the Cohesion Policy community, as a place-based driver of EU competitiveness. For some regions, it has offered scope to deepen existing practices. For others, S3 has introduced new approaches to achieving innovation-oriented growth. There is, however, quite some distance to cover if S3 is to accelerate its support role in delivering EU growth and investment. This would require redefining the role of S3 and re-positioning this in the post-2020 Multi-annual Financial Framework (MFF).
- Topic:
- Europe Union and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Europe
104. Why the EU will have an industrial policy – but not necessarily a good one
- Author:
- Fabian Zuleeg
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- European Policy Centre (EPC)
- Abstract:
- How best to support its industry has been a perennial issue for the European Union (EU). The Commission’s approach has been an attempt to mainstream industrial competitiveness across policy areas. But this hardly constitutes an adequate strategic industrial policy. The EU and its members must recognise that current global pressures require a common and forward-looking approach to ensure that European industry can thrive.
- Topic:
- Financial Markets and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- European Union
105. The EU and Emerging Market Economies: Transformations and New Challenges
- Author:
- Juliane Schmidt
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- European Policy Centre (EPC)
- Abstract:
- The European Union and emerging market economies are facing a great variety of challenges and transformations in a rapidly changing world. They are important players on the world stage, working through and shaping the various multilateral organisations they are members of. The European Policy Centre (EPC), in cooperation with the Institute for the Scientific Advancement of the South (ISAS), has carried out a project that looked at the political, economic, and environmental interests of the EU and emerging market economies and considered the future of their cooperation in global governance. In order to shed light on the relationship between emerging market economies and the EU, the project focused on four key areas of multilateralism: climate change, trade, international financial institutions, and global governance in the security realm. This report reflects upon the outcomes of the project’s discussions, while also providing punctual updates.
- Topic:
- International Affairs and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- European Union
106. Measuring and analyzing the impact of GVCs on economic development
- Author:
- David Dollar
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Global value chains (GVCs) break up the production process so different steps can be carried out in different countries. Many smart phones and televisions, for example, are designed in the United States or Japan. They have sophisticated inputs, such as semiconductors and processors, which are produced in the Republic of Korea or Chinese Taipei. And they are assembled in China. They are then marketed and receive after-sale servicing in Europe and the United States. These complex global production arrangements have transformed the nature of trade. But their complexity has also created difficulties in understanding trade and in formulating policies that allow firms and governments to capitalize on GVCs and to mitigate negative side effects.
- Topic:
- International Relations and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
107. Is a growing middle class good for the poor? Social policy in a time of globalization
- Author:
- Raj M. Desai and Homi Kharas
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Does an expanding middle class benefit society’s poorest? Much has been written recently about the rapid growth of the middle class as well as the rapid fall in absolute poverty (Kharas 2017; Kocharand Oates 2015; Burrows 2015). However, few studies seek to link these two trends. It is worth emphasizing at the outset that a growing middle class and a falling poverty rate are not simply two sides of the same coin; there is a large “vulnerable” (or near poor) cohort between the poorest individuals and the middle class. Additionally, the trends can be quite different. In the United States, for example, the percentage of middle-class households has steadily fallen since the 1970s, while the portion of households in the lowest income brackets has remained steady (Kochhar,Fry, and Rohal 2015). Similar trends have occurred in the European Union since the early 2000s (ILO 2015). By contrast, in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, most of those lifted out of poverty appear to have joined the ranks of the vulnerable rather than the middle class (Calvo-Gonzalez 2017; Chandy 2015). There, the middle class has stagnated despite reductions in poverty.
- Topic:
- International Affairs and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
108. Multilateralism under stress
- Author:
- Homi Kharas
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The multilateral development system, led by the United States, has guided development cooperation by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, evolving gradually through new institutions and new norms since World War II. Organized by a small group of like-minded countries, multilateralism has been a way of managing burden-sharing among donors and of delivering public goods. These functions are now under stress. According to a poll conducted in December 2016 by the Program for Public Consultation at the University of Maryland, most Americans (59.3 percent) support the statement that “when giving foreign aid, it is best for the U.S. to participate in international efforts, such as through the United Nations. This way it is more likely that other countries will do their fair share and that these ef- forts will be better coordinated.” However, a majority of Republican voters disagree, believing that it is better for the U.S. to provide aid on its own, to ensure control over how money is spent and to gain recognition for its generosity.
- Topic:
- International Trade and Finance and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
109. The Future of Trade
- Author:
- Rohinton P. Medhora
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
- Abstract:
- Critical reviews of hard-hitting commentaries on urgent global issues are published periodically by Project Syndicate as part of their Issue Adviser series. In the latest instalment, below, the president of the Centre for International Governance Innovation assesses the populist threat to globalization and international trade and considers arguments by economists such as Kaushik Basu, Jeffrey Frankel, Laura Tyson and other commentators
- Topic:
- International Relations, International Security, and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
110. What Drives Turkey’s Intensified Off shore Oil and Gas Exploration?
- Author:
- FARAS
- Publication Date:
- 08-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Future for Advanced Research and Studies (FARAS)
- Abstract:
- Turkey has recently launched vigorous e orts to increase its domestic oil and natural gas produc- tion to meet its domestic demands. The ongoing problem of reliance on energy imports to meet the majority of its increasing demand has be- come a key determinant in Turkey’s foreign pol- icy. It is even driving the country’s push towards convergence with the world’s biggest two gas ex- porters, especially Russia.
- Topic:
- International Relations and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Turkey