Search

Begin New Search Political Geography United States of America Publication Year within 3 Years Publication Year within 1 Year

381. AI Standard Choices Under Geopolitical Competition

Author:
Sangjun Yea
Publication Date:
10-2025
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)
Abstract:
This study examines how global competition over artificial intelligence (AI) standards is unfolding amid growing geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China. It develops a theoretical model to analyze how a third country decides whether to align its domestic AI standard with the U.S. or Chinese framework once both standards exist. The analysis highlights that the choice depends primarily on global and local network effects, market competition, and the role of domestic platforms intermediating AI services. The findings suggest that the technological superiority of foundation AI models and the expanding global user base are key determinants of international standards adoption, implying that AI standardization has become a strategic domain of global economic and political competition.
Topic:
Economics, Geopolitics, Artificial Intelligence, and Strategic Competition
Political Geography:
China, Asia, North America, and United States of America

382. Making Preschool Classroom Assessments Work for Dual Language Learners

Author:
Katherine Habben, Victoria Kim, and Lorena Mancilla
Publication Date:
12-2025
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Migration Policy Institute (MPI)
Abstract:
To effectively support the growth and learning of young children in their care, early childhood educators need to understand and be able to monitor the progress these children are making toward important milestones. Developmentally appropriate assessment practices are often used for such purposes with children whose home language is English, but for Dual Language Learners (DLLs)—young children who have at least one parent who speaks a language other than English at home—such practices are often a poor fit. Many widely used assessment tools and practices are not designed to account for their cultural and linguistic backgrounds, even though DLLs now comprise one-third of all children ages 0–5 in the United States. These assessments’ frequent reliance on English language proficiency and emphasis of mainstream cultural norms to gauge children’s learning and development can result in inaccurate measures of DLLs’ abilities and thereby lead to faulty conclusions about their developmental progress and educational needs. Federal policies and frameworks such as the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and the Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework acknowledge the importance of linguistically appropriate assessment. Similarly, national organizations such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children have offered guidance on developmentally appropriate practices in diverse settings. While efforts such as these provide a strong foundation, they lack specific requirements or actionable steps that would help ensure widespread adoption and implementation of appropriate assessment tools and practices for DLLs. Several states, including California, Colorado, Illinois, and Oregon, have gone a step further and introduced early learning standards and assessment tools that reflect DLL needs. These initiatives represent meaningful progress toward effective assessment of all young children; however, they have not yet been widely or consistently implemented even within these states’ systems.
Topic:
Education, Children, Immigrants, Language, and Integration
Political Geography:
North America and United States of America

383. Breaking the Cycle of Dysfunction at the U.S. Immigration Courts

Author:
Kathleen Bush-Joseph, Doris Meissner, and Muzaffar Chishti
Publication Date:
11-2025
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Migration Policy Institute (MPI)
Abstract:
With 3.8 million deportation cases pending, the U.S. immigration courts are in crisis, and both administrative and legislative reforms are urgently needed to transform the system. The Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), the Justice Department agency that houses the immigration courts and their appellate body, the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), has tried to modernize and speed up case completions. Yet in recent years, the filing of millions of new removal (deportation) cases and asylum applications from recent border arrivals have layered new pressure upon long-standing challenges and overwhelmed the courts. Consequently, it takes an average of four years for noncitizens to receive an asylum hearing, and a final decision can take much longer with appeals. These delays undermine the goals of the U.S. asylum and immigration enforcement systems: to determine who is eligible to stay in the United States, and to order those who are ineligible to depart or be removed in a timely manner. To understand how the courts have reached this point, this policy brief provides an overview of former President Joe Biden’s policies at the immigration courts as well as the initial actions of President Donald Trump’s second administration. Since retaking office, Trump has announced a number of new policies restricting access to asylum and rescinding other protections from deportation, while speeding the adjudication of removal cases. But his mass deportation campaign has also led to the filing of many new removal cases as immigration officers seek to arrest thousands of noncitizens per day.
Topic:
Immigration, Courts, Donald Trump, Deportation, Joe Biden, and Migration Policy
Political Geography:
North America and United States of America

384. International Student Mobility: A Post-Pandemic Reset or a Broader Challenge?

Author:
Elizabeth Collett
Publication Date:
04-2025
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Migration Policy Institute (MPI)
Abstract:
International education has become a huge market, estimated to be worth hundreds of billions of dollars per year. Tertiary-level institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada continue to draw large numbers of international students, but other destination countries have also entered the mix. And while Chinese and Indian nationals are among the largest groups of international students, enrollment is growing from countries as varied as Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, and Brazil. Yet after years of recruitment and growth, during which attracting international students was seen as an unalloyed good—for university research budgets, local economies, and knowledge circulation—attitudes are shifting in some major destination countries. The post-COVID-19 pandemic rebound in international student arrivals has raised concerns about their impact on already strained housing markets and led some governments to take steps to limit admissions. But this focus may obscure broader questions about the sustainability of rising numbers, some universities’ reliance on international student tuition, and whether international education is in fact helping countries meet critical skills needs. This Transatlantic Council on Migration report outlines important considerations for governments seeking to answer these questions. It provides an overview of recent developments in the international education sector and explores policy levers that can be used to shape demand for international study, the form learning opportunities take, and how they can be smartly aligned with future labor market needs.
Topic:
Immigration, Economic Mobility, Students, and International Education
Political Geography:
United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and United States of America

385. All in for a Thriving Connecticut: Opportunities to Support Upward Mobility for the State’s Immigrant Families

Author:
Margie McHugh, Julia Gelatt, Colleen Putzel-Kavanaugh, Katherine Habben, Jacob Hofstetter, and Julie Sugarman
Publication Date:
09-2025
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Migration Policy Institute (MPI)
Abstract:
Immigrants and their children are a vital part of Connecticut’s present and its future. Comprising 15 percent of the state's residents, immigrants have driven all population and workforce growth over the last decade and a half. In addition, about 30 percent of Connecticut children are part of immigrant families. Most immigrants in the state, as in the country overall, are successful and self-sufficient. However, many face periodic economic challenges, and most immigrants can benefit from integration support in their first several years in the United States. With an eye to the state’s future vitality, this report focuses on key state policies and services that aim to support upward mobility for all Connecticut families, examining ways in which they meet the needs of low-income immigrants and their children and how they might more effectively do so. Drawing on interviews with state and local actors, the study considers the following issue areas: adult education and workforce development, housing, low-wage workers, health care and social assistance, small businesses, immigration legal services, K-12 education, and early childhood services. The study also highlights opportunities to improve statewide coordination on immigrant integration and immigration policy issues.
Topic:
Education, Immigrants, Language, Social Mobility, and Adult Education
Political Geography:
North America, United States of America, and Connecticut

386. Behind the Scenes: Mapping How State and Local Governments Implement Language Access Measures

Author:
Jacob Hofstetter and Alexis Fintland
Publication Date:
05-2025
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Migration Policy Institute (MPI)
Abstract:
Across the United States, a growing number of states, counties, cities, and individual agencies within state and local governments are developing language access measures. These measures aim to ensure that individuals with limited proficiency in English—of whom there were more than 27 million in 2023—can access public information and services for which they are eligible, such as through the use of interpreters, multilingual staff, and translation of written documents. The proliferation of language access measures reflects both longstanding obligations under federal civil rights law and regulations and a practical acknowledgment that state and local governments need to be able to effectively communicate with all members of the communities they serve. This report offers one of the first in-depth examinations of how state and local governments and their component agencies design, implement, and sustain language access measures. Drawing from interviews with state and local government staff, the study finds that while there is no one-size-fits-all approach for implementing language access, there are many lessons that can be learned from efforts to date and strategies that governments can adapt to their own contexts, needs, and capacities.
Topic:
Immigration, Language, Integration, Local Government, and Migration Policy
Political Geography:
North America and United States of America

387. Assessing the impact of US funding cuts on communities and humanitarian response: Case studies from South Sudan and Mali

Author:
ALNAP
Publication Date:
11-2025
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
ALNAP: Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance
Abstract:
The report examines two country contexts – Mali and South Sudan – which both combine a strong prior presence of US funding, active humanitarian coordination structures and acute levels of needs. The findings shed light on how funding fluctuations influence humanitarian access, service delivery and community coping mechanisms, offering a crucial perspective on resource-driven shifts in the aid system from the perspective of both implementing actors and communities.
Topic:
Foreign Aid, USAID, Humanitarian Assistance, and Aid Cuts
Political Geography:
Africa, Mali, South Sudan, and United States of America

388. When the Facts Change: The Future of the Global Monetary System

Author:
Barry Eichengreen
Publication Date:
06-2025
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
Abstract:
This paper considers possible futures for the international monetary system in light of recent economic and political events in the United States and globally. It contrasts scenarios pre- and post-inauguration of the second Trump administration. Earlier scenarios foresaw very gradual rebalancing of the international monetary system away from post-Bretton Woods dollar-centric international financial architecture. Recent developments have pointed toward the possibility of a more abrupt shift away from a system centred on the dollar and the US correspondent banking system. The paper considers economic, financial, geopolitical and technological considerations bearing on possible futures.
Topic:
Economics, Monetary Policy, Geopolitics, and Dollar
Political Geography:
Global Focus and United States of America

389. ‘King Makers And The King Breakers’ Perspectives On The Role Of Intelligence Services In Shaping Geo-Politics And Power Dynamics At Global Level.

Author:
Matthew Mare
Publication Date:
07-2025
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies
Institution:
Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies
Abstract:
The goal of the research was to demonstrate the role of the intelligence service as king makers and king breakers shape geo-politics and power dynamics at global level. The theory by Kent was the fulcrum of this research and the CIA-BRICS power dynamics were cited to bring the nexus between intelligence service and the geo-politics are at play in shaping world events. The background to the interaction between intelligence service and geo-politics was well articulated. The study relied on secondary data sources and the research went on to formulate applied theory of intelligence in global power dynamics. The study noted that, world over and western world in particular the intelligence service is the fulcrum of making and breaking kings. The major findings of the study were that countries which politicize intelligence for personal glory suffers from external interference and political convulsions than those that differentiate the two. It was also noted that, the CIA play an important role in the American foreign policy by shaping and creating the future the country, for the USA to remain a unipolar giant. The study observed that the intelligence is objective in a stable and mature democracy than in autocratic political environment. It was noted that, most countries think of security interms of military hardware and overlook intelligence. In mature democracies intelligence conduct covert and overt operations to safeguard national interests over interests and vice versa in non-democratic states. In nondemocratic states the diplomatic missions are packed with political opponents, it is a political way of dealing with perceived political opponents to the leader. Whereas in mature democracy, diplomatic missions are packed with declared and undeclared intelligence officers to push the national agenda. The study created applied Kentism in foreign policy. The study made several permutations in the global arena on how the intelligence will make and make kings through direct interference, regime change, assassinations, destabilizing weaker states, induced coups, discrediting states through NGOs and CSOs and hybrid warfare to achieve the Western interests.
Topic:
Foreign Policy, Intelligence, Geopolitics, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Strategic Interests, and Power Dynamics
Political Geography:
North America, Global Focus, and United States of America

390. Cutting Through the Tangled Webs of Civil and Military Aviation Toward a Practical Cybersecurity Framework

Author:
Kristen Csenkey and Jason Furlong
Publication Date:
07-2025
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies
Institution:
Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies
Abstract:
North American defence and security require trusted partnerships to detect, deter, and defeat threats from foreign adversaries. The United States and Canada cooperate through the North American Aerospace Defense (NORAD) organization to build a layered network of defence that jointly enhances operational capabilities with a traditional emphasis on the air domain. However, as the aviation ecosystem becomes increasingly digitized and interconnected, it is essential that strategic and high-level policy decisions be supported with the necessary conceptual tools to keep the skies safe. We propose that one way to deepen cooperation in aviation cybersecurity is through the integration of a human-centric framework. In this article, we introduce, define, and contextualize our Inter-Organization Learning Culture Framework for policy-makers and academics alike. The integration of this framework has implications for NORAD in terms of cooperation, modernization initiatives, and the continued protection of the interlinked civil and defence aviation ecosystems.
Topic:
Defense Policy, Cybersecurity, Aviation, and North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)
Political Geography:
Canada, North America, and United States of America

391. The Evolution of Japan's Limited Sovereignty: From the Era of Unequal Treaties to the Japan-U.S. Alliance

Author:
Yukio Sakurai
Publication Date:
07-2025
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Rest: Journal of Politics and Development
Institution:
Centre for Strategic Research and Analysis (CESRAN)
Abstract:
This paper examines the evolution of Japan's limited sovereignty across two distinct historical periods: the nineteenth-century era of unequal treaties and the post– World War II era shaped by the Japan–U.S. alliance. In the earlier period, treaties imposed by Western powers curtailed Japan’s jurisdictional and tariff autonomy. Paradoxically, these constraints catalysed rapid modernisation and a national drive to restore sovereign equality. In contrast, the post-war period introduced a different model of limited sovereignty: one characterised by strategic dependence through the Japan–U.S. Security Treaty and the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). These legal arrangements grant the United States significant military rights on Japanese territory, including base maintenance and jurisdictional authority, raising ongoing concerns about Japan’s territorial and legal autonomy. Further tensions arise from the opaque operation of the Japan–U.S. Security Consultative Committee, whose limited transparency and perceived imbalance in representation have prompted criticism regarding undue U.S. influence. Evolving regional security dynamics and potential shifts in U.S. foreign policy further complicate Japan’s sovereignty posture. Additionally, growing secrecy surrounding national security and the technical nature of defence policy hinder public deliberation and raise broader questions about democratic accountability. Employing an interdisciplinary framework that draws from international law, political science, and history, this study analyses the legal instruments and socio-political contexts that shaped these two periods. By comparing externally imposed and internally accepted constraints on sovereignty, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how nations negotiate autonomy within global power structures. This analysis, grounded in a comprehensive review of English and Japanese scholarship, offers a nuanced perspective on Japan’s evolving relationship with limited sovereignty and its implications for democratic governance and strategic positioning in East Asia.
Topic:
Sovereignty, Treaties and Agreements, Bilateral Relations, Alliance, and Autonomy
Political Geography:
Japan, Asia, North America, and United States of America

392. Implications of Military Aid on Global Arms Sales and Productio

Author:
Zekeri Momoh
Publication Date:
07-2025
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Rest: Journal of Politics and Development
Institution:
Centre for Strategic Research and Analysis (CESRAN)
Abstract:
This study examines the implications of increasing military aid on arms sales and production. This study adopted the historical research design, with data collected from secondary sources, and content analysis was used for its analysis. The study argues that increasing military aid to especially belligerent states has influenced global arms sales and production. It equally argues that the consequences of the cumulative military aid to Israel and Ukraine include human rights violations, humanitarian crisis, growth in arms production, increasing military budgets and revenue for arms manufacturers, among others. Nevertheless, justifications of the military aid are to ensure the survival of the state and its sovereignty, as well as the survival of the political regime. Lastly, this study recommends, among other things, that the United Nations Security Council should employ a more democratic approach to the ongoing Israel-Gaza war and Russia-Ukraine war to produce a win-win outcome for the interests of international peace and security, as against the interests of conflict profiteers from military aid.
Topic:
Military Aid, War, Arms Sales, and International Security
Political Geography:
United States of America, Ukraine, Israel, Middle East, Europe, and North America

393. Liberty, Affect, and The Rise of Populism

Author:
Colin Anthony MacNairn
Publication Date:
07-2025
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Rest: Journal of Politics and Development
Institution:
Centre for Strategic Research and Analysis (CESRAN)
Abstract:
In this essay, I reinterpret Hartley B. Alexander’s early 20th-century account of liberty and democracy in light of the 21st-century populist resurgence, integrating the economic analysis of Jonathan Hopkin and Mark Blyth. By combining Alexander’s concerns surrounding the ethical collapse of democratic citizenship with Hopkin and Blyth’s diagnosis of structural economic disenfranchisement, I construct a dual account of populism’s rise as the convergence of moral atrophy and institutional decay. From Trump’s America to Modi’s India, populism emerges as a liberty weaponised against itself. I argue that populism is a condition wherein the form of democracy is preserved, but its substance is debased, thereby reduced to spectacle, demagoguery, and institutional dysfunction. Drawing on specific examples and institutional analysis, I further argue for a reconstruction of liberty grounded in moral formation and institutional responsiveness, thus offering a normative pathway beyond the populist condition.
Topic:
Economics, Ethics, Populism, Liberty, and Political Philosophy
Political Geography:
India, South America, North America, and United States of America

394. U.S. Military Aid to Israel During a Genocide in Gaza with Josh Paul ( Episode 36)

Author:
Sahar Aziz and Josh Paul
Publication Date:
06-2025
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
Sahar Aziz speaks with Josh Paul about the law, politics, and policies surrounding the United States decades long military aid to Israel and specifically how such aid makes the U.S. complicit in Israel’s genocidal campaign in Gaza since October 2023. Josh Paul resigned from the State Department due to his disagreement with the Biden Administration’s decision to rush lethal military assistance to Israel in the context of its war on Gaza. He had previously spent over 11 years working as a Director in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, which is responsible for U.S. defense diplomacy, security assistance, and arms transfers. He previously worked on security sector reform in both Iraq and the West Bank, with additional roles in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, U.S. Army Staff, and as a Military Legislative Assistant for a Member of the U.S. House Armed Services Committee. he is a recipient of the 2023 Callaway Award for Civic Courage and 2024 MedGlobal Award for Courage. Currently, Josh Paul serves as the co-founder of a New Policy, an organization dedicated to transforming American foreign policy toward Israel/Palestine to reflect American values and foundational principles of liberty, equality, democracy, and human rights. At the time of the conversation in late May 2025, Israel’s bombings and targeted assassinations in Gaza of doctors, journalists, and professors had killed over 65,000 Palestinians including more than 18,000 children and injured over 150,000 Palestinians. Israel’s military has destroyed every university. Its military fully destroyed more than 70% of hospitals, and partially destroyed the remaining 30 percent, resulting in an unknown number of Palestinians dying from otherwise treatable diseases and injuries. For 11 months in the spring of 2025, Israel banned the entry of all humanitarian aid and food into Gaza as part of an intentional mass starvation campaign that has caused unprecedented severe malnutrition for tens of thousands of Palestinian children. The devastation that Israel has wreaked upon the 2.3 million Palestinians trapped in Gaza – as collective punishment for Hamas’ militant attacks and war crimes on October 7, 2023 – so extensive that even supporters of Israel are acknowledging the genocidal nature of Isreal’s military campaign. Such violence inflicted upon a helpless civilian population would not have been possible without $20 billion in military aid from the United States of America since October 2023 – all funded by American taxpayers. Listen to the conversation about the policies and practice of U.S. arms exports to Israel that has become a permanent stain on U.S. foreign policy and undermined the rule of law internationally.
Topic:
Foreign Policy, Genocide, Humanitarian Aid, Military Aid, and 2023 Gaza War
Political Geography:
Middle East, Palestine, Gaza, North America, and United States of America

395. Hindutva in America: A Threat to Equality and Religious Pluralism (6/16/2025)

Author:
Dheepa Sundaram
Publication Date:
06-2025
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
Join us for an analysis of the groundbreaking report "Hindutva in America: A Threat to Equality and Religious Pluralism issued by the Rutgers Center for Security, Race and Rights." Hindutva is a transnational far-right political ideology grounded in Hindu supremacy with a growing following in the United States. Hindutva advocates undermine American pluralism and spread hate against Muslims, Sikhs and other minority groups within American society. To be sure, Hindutva is not Hinduism, both in terms of genre and its impact on American politics and society. Whereas the religion of Hinduism contributes to American pluralism and religious diversity, the political ideology of Hindu nationalism works against those core American values by perpetuating supremacist ideas and discriminatory conduct, especially against non-Hindu South Asians. This event is co-sponsored with Hindus for Human Rights (HHR); SALDEF; and the Indian American Muslim Council (IAMC).
Topic:
Hindutva, Pluralism, Religion, and Equality
Political Geography:
North America and United States of America

396. The European Union's 'New' Migration Policy: Between Containment and Crisis with Juan Ruiz Ramos

Author:
Juan Ruiz Ramos
Publication Date:
09-2025
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
The European Union's 'New' Migration Policy: Between Containment and Crisis with Professor Juan Ruiz Ramos September 3, 2025 What lies behind the EU’s recently adopted Migration and Asylum Pact? This lecture will unpack controversial measures such as border detention, the externalisation of asylum, and voluntary resettlement, while also comparing them with similar policies in the U.S. system to highlight broader trends in international refugee protection.
Topic:
European Union, Borders, Resettlement, Asylum, and Migration Policy
Political Geography:
Europe and United States of America

397. A Global Enemy: Muslims and 21st Century Racism with Professor Saher Selod (9/11/2025)

Author:
Saher Selod
Publication Date:
09-2025
Content Type:
Video
Institution:
Center for Security, Race and Rights (CSRR), Rutgers University School of Law
Abstract:
Based on her critically acclaimed book, Dr. Saher Selod examines how Muslims experience racialization on a global scale with a focus on the United States, China, India, and the United Kingdom. Counterterrorism policies, hyper-surveillance and racialized policing are grounded in transnational negative representations of Islam which in turn legitimize and institutionalize state-sponsored racism against Muslim minorities.
Topic:
Racism, Muslims, Racialization, and Policing
Political Geography:
China, United Kingdom, Europe, India, Asia, North America, and United States of America

398. Joe Biden Administration’s Security Policy and What It Means for the Baltic States

Author:
Martinas Malużinas
Publication Date:
06-2025
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Institution:
Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
Abstract:
The aim of this article is to analyse the US security policy during the presidency of Joe Biden, with the main emphasis on military security and its importance for the Baltic states, which perceive the US as the main guarantor of their security. This is particularly important in the context of challenges related to China’s expansion in the region or Russia’s display of strength. Based on realist theories of international relations, using methods of content analysis, synthesis, and comparison, it was possible to analyse the role of the so-called B3 Baltic states in US foreign policy. There is no doubt that the US is positioning itself as one of the key strategic partners of the B3 states; therefore, in this context, it is necessary to consider the US strategic options toward the B3, which have evolved along with the change in the geopolitical situation in the European region. The Kremlin’s invasion of Ukraine confirmed the decisive response of the B3 states, perceiving Russia as a threat to the security of the region. The time frame is limited to Biden’s four-year term in 2021–2024. For research purposes, the contemporary literature in the field of political science and security was used, as well as primary sources related to US decisions and presidential statements that are relevant to this article.
Topic:
Security, Foreign Policy, Donald Trump, Joe Biden, Military Security, and Security Policy
Political Geography:
Russia, Ukraine, United States of America, and Baltic States

399. Welcoming the tired and poor: Grassroots associations and immigrant assimilation during the age of mass migration

Author:
Davide M. Coluccia
Publication Date:
06-2025
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Nottingham Interdisciplinary Centre for Economic and Political Research (NICEP)
Abstract:
I examine the impact of the Progressive-era Settlement movement on immigrant assimilation in the United States between 1880 and 1940. Settlements provided services such as job training and childcare to immigrants. Using an individual-level triple difference strategy based on cross-cohort and over-time variation in settlement exposure, I find that settlements increased labor force participation and income for men but not for women. These responses persisted into the generation exposed to settlements during childhood. The gendered effects stem from increased fertility and in-group marriage that excluded women from labor markets, particularly among immigrants from countries with more conservative gender norms.
Topic:
Politics, History, Immigration, Labor Market, Grassroots Organizing, and Assimilation
Political Geography:
North America and United States of America

400. Political polarization and US-Mexico migration

Author:
María Esther Caballero, Giuseppe Ippedico, and Giovanni Peri
Publication Date:
07-2025
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Nottingham Interdisciplinary Centre for Economic and Political Research (NICEP)
Abstract:
We study how the US presidential election of 2016 affected the subsequent inflow of Mexican-born immigrants. We use the “Matricula Consular de Alta Seguridad” data to construct proxies for annual inflows and internal movements of Mexican-born individuals, including undocumented immigrants, across US commuting zones. We find that a 10-percentage point increase in the Republican vote share in a commuting zone reduced inflows by 1.8 percent after the 2016 Trump election. The internal relocation of established Mexican immigrants primarily explains this reduction, though inflows of new immigrants decreased as well.
Topic:
Migration, Domestic Politics, Donald Trump, Deportation, and Polarization
Political Geography:
North America, Mexico, and United States of America