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3072. Pro-poor growth and poverty reduction in Nigeria
- Author:
- John E. Ataguba, Chukwuma Agu, and Hyacinth Ichoku
- Publication Date:
- 11-2012
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)
- Abstract:
- The government of Nigeria has placed poverty reduction at the centre of the country’s economic policy and development programs since independence. Though this was not explicitly targeted in earlier development plans (1962 to 1975) of the country, it featured in more pronounced ways in latter programs and projects, many of which specifically targeted elimination of poverty. These targeted programs and projects covered a wide range of sectors of the economy including agriculture, health, education, housing and finance. In fact, they became so commonplace, scattered and ubiquitous that the Obasanjo regime (1999-2007) had to set out to rationalize and merge them in 1999. The various institutions that have arisen from the disparate poverty reduction programs were then consolidated into the National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP). This, headed by the President, was charged with the sole mandate of eradicating poverty. There are different opinions that exist regarding the level of success of these programs and policies. Some people believe that these programs have had positive impact on the poor while others believe that they have made the poor poorer.
- Topic:
- Poverty, Inequality, Economic Growth, and Economic Policy
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Nigeria
3073. Oil Revenues, Institutions And Macroeconomic Performance In Nigeria
- Author:
- Vanessa Ushie, Oluwatosin Adeniyi, and Sabastine Akongwale
- Publication Date:
- 03-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA)
- Abstract:
- The paper presents an elaborate econometric analysis of a number of key macroeconomic indicators to oil revenue and examines the results of oil revenue fluctuations.
- Topic:
- Oil, Natural Resources, Institutions, Macroeconomics, and Revenue
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Nigeria
3074. Employment Choice And Mobility In Multisector Labor Markets
- Author:
- Olumide Taiwo
- Publication Date:
- 11-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA)
- Abstract:
- This paper examines employment choice and occupational mobility using data from Ghana in a model that incorporates capital market failure, credit constrained individuals and draw self-employment capital from family asset.
- Topic:
- Economics, Employment, Mobility, and Labor Market
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Ghana
3075. Emerging Security Challenges: A Glue for NATO and Partners?
- Author:
- Ioanna-Nikoletta Zyga
- Publication Date:
- 11-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- When the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed as a defensive military alliance more than six decades ago, one of its fundamental tasks was to deter Soviet aggression against Western Europe. Since the end of the Cold War, the Allies have come to understand that their security depends on their ability to face threats emerging from well beyond the Euro-Atlantic space. NATO has thus broadened its focus from collective defense to security management beyond its borders: its numerous operations in this capacity have included peace support, peacekeeping, disaster relief and counter-piracy missions. These operations have taken place not only in NATO's traditional areas of intervention such as the Balkans, but also as far afield as the Gulf of Aden, the Horn of Africa, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Defense Policy, NATO, International Security, and Peacekeeping
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, Afghanistan, Africa, Europe, and North Atlantic
3076. The Road to Safety: Strengthening Protection for LGBTI Refugees in Uganda and Kenya
- Publication Date:
- 05-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Human Rights First
- Abstract:
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) refugees are often among the most vulnerable and isolated of refugees. This is especially true in places where they are at heightened risk due to violent attacks, discrimination, and laws that criminalize same-sex relations. In addition, in many countries around the world, LGBTI refugees are targets of bias-motivated attacks and sexual and gender-based violence. Around seventy-six countries criminalize consensual same-sex conduct.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues and Human Rights
- Political Geography:
- Uganda, Kenya, and Africa
3077. Journal of Advanced Military Studies: Spring 2012
- Author:
- J. Peter Pham, Erich Wagner, Robert G. Angevine, and Kenneth H. Williams
- Publication Date:
- 01-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Advanced Military Studies
- Institution:
- Marine Corps University Press, National Defense University
- Abstract:
- What should be the role of the United States and other foreign powers in unstable areas of the world? gis question, which is as pertinent as it has ever been, may seem like an issue for presidents, cabinet members, and flag officers—and it is—but it also affects the military and foreign policy establishments all the way down to ground level, where junior officers, enlisted troops, and State Department/USAID personnel are engaging the local populations. Indeed, those of us who have served in a military or civilian capacity among the people in Iraq or Afghanistan will recognize many similarities in the challenges that we faced with those Robert Angevine describes that confronted the U.S. Army in the Philippines a century ago.ge author quotes one Constabulary officer who noted that he “had to know not only military work, but he also had to be an executive as well as a tactful politician.” It is also important to know the local culture, including landmark historical events and how the memory of them continues to have impact. In his article on the Battle of Maiwand, fought by the British in Afghanistan in 1880, Erich Wagner quotes our current commanding officer with Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Lieutenant General Richard P. Mills, as saying that the Afghans regularly reminded him in 2010 of “the Maiwand War”and of how their ancestors had made Afghanistan the “the graveyard of empires.” As Wagner writes, and vividly details in his piece, “the memory of those times is still alive in the community.” Instability has been the order of the day in Somalia for decades now, but Peter Pham’s article offers at least some hope from the northern part of that country, which is known as Somaliland. Pham, who is widely recognized as one of the leading experts on the region and is a senior advisor to U.S. Africa Command, posits that lessons from the Somaliland experience may be applicable in other countries.
- Topic:
- History, Armed Forces, Political stability, Conflict, and State Building
- Political Geography:
- Britain, Africa, and Somalia
3078. How to improve the economic and social performance of Eastern and Southern Mediterranean countries
- Author:
- Luc De Wulf and Marek Dabrowski
- Publication Date:
- 11-2012
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
- Abstract:
- The Eastern and Southern Mediterranean region has many advantages. Its proximity to European markets and its strategic location along the Mediterranean Sea help facilitate the trade of goods among Europe, Asia and Africa. The region has great historical and civilizational importance. It also has plentiful supplies of oil and natural gas resources and great demographic potential. Yet despite these many advantages, the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean region remains relatively backward in economic and social terms and is rightly considered a potential source of social and political instability. In this brief the authors analyze the key challenges facing the MED11 countries and propose policy measures that could improve the region’s economic and social performance.
- Topic:
- Markets, Macroeconomics, Trade, Economic Integration, and Instability
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Europe, Asia, and Mediterranean
3079. Africa Capacity Indicators 2012: Capacity Development for Agricultural Transformation and Food Security
- Publication Date:
- 01-2012
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF)
- Abstract:
- In Africa, the challenges impacting on the agricultural sector growth are multi-faceted. They include but are not limited to, an over-dependence on rainfall, weak capacity to respond to shocks, political governance, choice of crops, changing needs and changing food habits due to globalization, land degradation, land renting and sale to foreign companies. All of these contribute to an unnecessary level of food insecurity. The aforementioned are exacerbated by the low level of commitment to the sector in terms of policy and physical and human investment, especially in Agricultural Research, Extension and Education. This is coupled with the ineffectiveness and inefficiency in the supply side of the Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS) – institutional and process – and the absence of an organized and structured demand side of AKIS – the farmers.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Development, Food, and Food Security
- Political Geography:
- Africa
3080. Justice and peacebuilding in post-conflict situations
- Author:
- Lesley Connolly
- Publication Date:
- 11-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD)
- Abstract:
- After the 1991-2001 civil war, Sierra Leone employed a new model of transitional justice, concurrently utilising a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and a Special Court. Encouragingly, this process incorporated special gender considerations, by expanding the mandate of both the TRC and Special Court to address sexual violence and encourage women to come forward and testify without fear of retribution. Both these institutions have been praised for successfully fulfilling their specific mandates and for aiding the country’s transition to peace. However, some parts of Sierra Leone’s society were left largely untouched by the process, as evidenced by widespread discrimination and gender inequalities which still occur today. It is proposed that this is not just a fault of Sierra Leone’s approach, but that it is an inherent flaw of the transitional justice process as a whole as the process is not suitable for use in addressing the root causes of conflict. For this reason, it is argued that a new mechanism of transitional justice, one which incorporates a peacebuilding process, would better address the needs of a post-conflict society. This would be done by focusing on transformation and promoting a long-term sustainable peace.
- Topic:
- Transitional Justice, Peace, Justice, Reconciliation, Truth, and Post-Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Sierra Leone