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1. The Great Pertinence of Gandhi to India in the 75th Year of Its Independence

Author:
Alan Nazareth, Gita Dharampal, M. Hamid Ansari, and Shyam Saran
Publication Date:
07-2022
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
In this paper, I present the gist of two of my books: Gandhi’s Outstanding Leadership and Gandhi: The Soul Force Warrior. In the first book, I focused on Gandhi’s transformation from a timid youthful barrister in India into the fearless leader he became in South Africa after his racial humiliation at Pietermaritzberg. I presented the spiritual and other inputs (especially the Bhagwat Gita) that brought about this transformation, the nature, components and stature of his leadership, its diverse achievements, its impact on India and the world, and assessments of him, his leadership and achievements made by his contemporaries.
Topic:
Leadership, History, Nonviolence, and Mahatma Gandhi
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

2. Challenging Stereotypes in Early Indian Buddhism

Author:
Susan Verma Mishra
Publication Date:
11-2020
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
The papers covered diverse topics and presented new perspectives and ideologies in the study of Buddhism in India, and included themes related to epigraphy, archaeology, iconography and the use of computer analytics in current Buddhist studies.
Topic:
Religion, History, Buddhism, Archaeology, and Iconography
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

3. Sustainability and Ancient Wisdom

Author:
Gauri Shankar Gupta
Publication Date:
11-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
The existence of life is closely intertwined with nature. Nature provides the support system for the survival of different species of life that exist on planet earth. As evident from historical records, for thousands of years, humanity lived in a harmonious relationship with nature. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in the earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. Particularly, since the 1950s, with the combination of capitalism, consumerism and contamination, a serious conflict has arisen between man and nature. Extraction of minerals at an unprecedented rate, degradation of soil, manifold increase in water usage, massive contamination of water bodies, increasing air pollution and nonbiodegradable waste, deforestation and loss of biodiversity are posing new threats to the very existence of humanity. In this context, the article examines the wisdom of our ancestors for restoration of harmony between man and nature so that the survival of our progeny is not endangered.
Topic:
Environment, History, Pollution, Sustainability, Nature, Ecology, and Industrial Revolution
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

4. Indo-Japan Dialogue in the 20th Century and Cultural Heritage in the New World Order

Author:
Rekha Yadav and Anisha Deswal
Publication Date:
11-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
The paper presentations on the second day of the conference on ‘Rethinking Cultural Heritage’ continued the trend of research-based studies, as evident on the first day of the meeting.1 Professor Amiya P. Sen began with a note of apology, stating that after reflection, he had changed the title of his presentation to ‘Japan and India as Ontology: Negotiating Modernity, Culture and Cosmopolitanism in Colonial Bengal’. The paper was divided into two parts. The first part of the paper focused on the broad introduction of the structure and arguments which he developed about 19th century Bengal, as the site where the first crop of a Westerneducated Hindu intelligentsia, creatively and actively engaged in a two-way, quite contrary, intellectual enterprise. While it produced some of the greatest supporters of Western modernity, it also created its sharpest critics. The second part of the paper examined changing Indian perceptions of Japan over a period of time, through the writings of two prominent intellectual figures of Bengal, that is Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902), and the poet, Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941).
Topic:
Diplomacy, History, Bilateral Relations, Culture, and Dialogue
Political Geography:
Japan, South Asia, India, and Asia

5. The Beginnings of East Asian Art History and India in Japanese Traditions

Author:
Punita Kapoor and Vineeta Kumari
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
India and Japan traditionally have strong relations, and have been guided by shared cultural traditions, including the heritage of Buddhism, and a strong commitment towards the ideals of democracy, tolerance and pluralism. The theme of the conference, and the papers presented, featured this shared cultural tradition, especially the ways in which this heritage developed in the 19th and early 20th century, through interactions between thinkers and intellectuals.
Topic:
History, Arts, Intellectual History, and Tradition
Political Geography:
Japan and East Asia

6. Challenge of Statelessness—The Indian Response

Author:
V. Suryanarayan
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
There are stateless people all around the globe. The problem is very acute in the Asia–Pacific region. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates that there are 10 million stateless persons across the world. A stateless child is born every ten minutes. What does it mean to be a stateless person? It means you have no identity, you have no nationality. You are not recognised as a citizen of any country. As UNHCR has rightly pointed out, ‘Often they are excluded from cradle to grave— being denied a legal identity when they are born, access to education, health care, marriage and job opportunities during their life time and even the dignity of an official burial and a death certificate.’ Over one-third of the world’s stateless are children
Topic:
Human Rights, Refugees, Constitution, Citizenship, History, and Stateless Population
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

7. The French Revolution, Napoleon, and the Jews

Author:
Michael Nutkiewicz
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
This paper brings together ideas from several interests: the Western political tradition, Jewish history and human rights. The issues addressed are: • Why theFrenchRevolutionwas awatershed in theWestern political tradition. • The debate before and during the Revolution known as ‘The Jewish Question’, and Napoleon’s role in that debate. • The ambiguous resolution of the ‘Jewish Question’. • The legacy and implications for today regarding the relationship between the state and religion in the West.
Topic:
Human Rights, History, Jewish community, French Revolution, and Napoleon Bonaparte
Political Geography:
Europe and France

8. Western Concepts and Indian Realities

Author:
Arvind Sharma
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
I think it is fairly self-evident that we in India use Western words and therefore concepts to describe Indian reality. The reason why we do so is also fairly self-evident and can be traced to British rule over India which formally came to an end in 1947 and the continuing prevalence of English language as a medium of discourse in India. This is such a familiar fact that we lose sight of its significance. Here I attempt to explore the consequences of this fact at both the micro and macro levels through concrete examples.
Topic:
Religion, History, Language, and Hinduism
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

9. A Dialogue of Rivers

Author:
Kishalay Bhattacharjee and Shiv Visvanathan
Publication Date:
09-2019
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
Welcome to a series of talks and dialogues that hopes to challenge the imagination of the ‘mainstream’. The river conversation is critical in re-evaluating histories, reconnecting civilisations, cultures and peoples, ideas and regions and opening streams of thought for a future with exciting possibilities. However, why do we need to talk about rivers? Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is a very well-known film by Ritwik Ghatak, but it is also a book written by Adwaita Mallabarman, where he writes, ‘the bosom of Bengal is draped with rivers and their tributaries, twisted and intertwined, like tangled locks streaked with white foamy waves’, and he describes the river like a human being. There are an estimated 71 riverine novels written in Bengal. Yet, very few pieces of this literature have come from fishermen, boatmen or even floodplains farmers themselves. Padma Nadir Majhi published in 1934, is top-quality riverine writing written by Manik Bandopadhyay. However, as Adwaita Mallabarman said that for all the great artistry, the author of Padma Nadir Majhi came from an educated Brahmin family, and knew of the life of the fisherfolk only from the margins. It reflected the Brahmin son’s romantic view. Titash… is probably the only example of a riverine novel written by a fisherman’s son. Today’s discussion is an attempt to develop a river imagination and let the river speak!
Topic:
History, Culture, Civilization, and Rivers
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

10. Western Concepts and Indian Realities

Author:
Arvind Sharma
Publication Date:
02-2018
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
I think it is fairly self-evident that we in India use Western words and therefore concepts to describe Indian reality. The reason why we do so is also fairly self-evident and can be traced to British rule over India which formally came to an end in 1947 and the continuing prevalence of English language as a medium of discourse in India. This is such a familiar fact that we lose sight of its significance. Here I attempt to explore the consequences of this fact at both the micro and macro levels through concrete examples.
Topic:
Post Colonialism, History, Linguistics, Philosophy, and Colonialism
Political Geography:
India

11. Valuation of World Heritage

Author:
Indira Rajaraman
Publication Date:
08-2016
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
World Heritage sites are classified in two categories—cultural heritage, and natural heritage. Outstanding Universal Value—the basis for identification of a World Heritage site implies that valuation, from a global perspective, might be sufficiently greater than the valuation of that site in its immediate location for the World Heritage tag to provide a significant incentive for the preservation of it. The rise in tourist traffic consequent upon recognition, statistically validated in several contexts, seemingly justifies that prior. The common cliché of the historical structure allowed to fall into ruin, its stones prised out for constructing nearby dwellings, or the area within what remains of the structure put to base uses, conforms to that conception. Likewise, there are natural biodiversity reserves threatened by unregulated cutting of trees, where recognition as a World Heritage site may well be the statement of superior valuation needed to put a stop to such practices and preserve what remains. This paper does not therefore argue that the World Heritage convention should be abandoned, and its sites de-recognised. What it does argue is that the basis of indigenous valuation should be investigated for its constituents, so as to bring about a better alignment between global and local valuation.
Topic:
Globalization, History, Tourism, Culture, and Architecture
Political Geography:
Global Focus

12. Trans-Himalayan Region: Evolving Politics and Strategies

Author:
Sangeeta Thapliyal
Publication Date:
01-2016
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
The Himalayan region represents different terrain ranging from plateaus to high mountains and valleys, lower Himalayan ranges, each representing diverse ecology, resources, social moorings and political identities. The Himalayan region stretching from Afghanistan to the mountains of Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan is at the cusp of South Asia, Central Asia and China. This geographical location has allowed transit for cultures, trade and movement of people from India northwards to the trans-Himalayas and from Tibet, China and Central Asia southwards to India. It has assimilated Hinduism and Buddhism along with indigenous cultures, languages, dialects and ethnicity. People have emotional and cultural sentiments towards the Himalayas, especially Hindus, Jains and Buddhists, who revere sacred Kailash Mansarovar. Ancient texts have written about the Himalayas as a symbol of divinity and spirituality. The Vishnupurana states that the country south of the Himalayas and north of the ocean is Bharat, thus signifying the Himalayas as a frontier in the north.
Topic:
Post Colonialism, Regional Cooperation, History, Colonialism, and Geography
Political Geography:
China, Nepal, Tibet, and Himalayas

13. Who Gets to Write History? The Question of 'Legitimacy'

Author:
Kathryn Tidrick
Publication Date:
09-2013
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
When I last spoke at the India International Centre, in 2007 after the publication of my biography of Gandhi, I was asked during the question period how anyone who was not a devotee of Gandhi could possibly understand him well enough to write a book about him. The chairman, Professor Madan, politely moved on to the next question before I had a chance to reply. But I wanted to reply and said to the questioner that Gandhi was an important historical figure as well as an object of devotion, and his life required the kind of scrutiny customarily given to such figures. I remember adding that though I had begun to think about the book while I was living in India, I had sometimes felt as I was writing it, after I had left India, that I was glad not to be experiencing the weight of Indian devotion to Gandhi as I wrote. That was the only occasion, to date, on which the legitimacy of my undertaking a piece of writing, my entitlement to do so, has been questioned to my face, though the poor sales and few reviews of the book suggest that some other people may have found the undertaking presumptuous.
Topic:
History and Legitimacy
Political Geography:
India

14. Towards a New Medina: Jinnah, the Deobandi Ulama, and the Quest for Pakistan in Late Colonial India

Author:
Venkat Dhulipala
Publication Date:
07-2013
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
Towards the end of a rather long day of research in the Oriental and India Office Collections at the British Library in London, I stumbled upon a rather unexpected document in the private papers of Qaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Dhulipala, 2014:1). The handwritten document, with its ink fading, was the record of a special séance with Jinnah’s spirit held on 13 March 1955, nearly seven years after his death and eight years after the birth of Pakistan. The séance was conducted against the backdrop of Pakistan’s first constitutional crisis, by a spiritualist hired by a government officer, a certain Mr. Ibrahim who was at hand to direct the questions. After initial pleasantries, Jinnah’s spirit was solicitously asked if it wanted to smoke a cigarette since in life the Great Leader had been a heavy smoker. On the basis of an affirmative answer, a cigarette was lit and fixed on a wire stand for the spirit to smoke while it answered questions. Mr. Ibrahim began, ‘Sir, as a creator and father of Pakistan, won’t you guide the destiny of the nation now?’ The spirit reacted testily saying that it was not its responsibility to guide Pakistan’s destiny any more. A worried Mr. Ibrahim enquired, ‘Don’t you think there is a prosperous future for Pakistan?’ The spirit responded icily, ‘I don’t think so. Prosperity of a country depends on the selflessness of people who control its Destiny. None at all is eager to be selfless there.’ Mr. Ibrahim pressed further. ‘What advice would you give to the present rulers of Pakistan?’ Prompt came the response: ‘Selflessness, selflessness. That is the only advice I can give them now.’ Jinnah’s spirit then made a telling remark.‘ It is easier to acquire a country, but it is extremely difficult to retain it. That in a nutshell is the present position of Pakistan to gain which rivers of blood flowed.’ As the interview drew to an end, Mr. Ibrahim finally asked ‘How are you spending your time nowadays?’ Jinnah’s spirit replied gloomily, ‘Not very well friend. Evil pictures regarding Pakistan are badly in my mind every now and then and I cannot live in mental peace here.’
Topic:
Religion, History, Spiritualism, Spirituality, and Libraries
Political Geography:
Pakistan and India

15. Who Owns the Indian Past: The Case of the Indus Civilization

Author:
Dilip K. Chakrabarti
Publication Date:
07-2009
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
The question 'who owns the past' is not a rhetorical question. On the one hand, itis tied to the issue of identities, which have played a major role in archaeological research since its very inception, and on the other, it is bound up with the various features of cultural resource management including the thorny relationship between mainstream archaeology and the rights of indigenous people in countries like the USA, Australia and Canada. There is a vast amount of literature on both themes. The first one, i.e. the question of identity, is linked to the establishment of national identity as well as various other collective identities like gender, ethnicity and religion. The issue of identity may assume many forms and generatemany debates. In the context of Israel and the Palestinian territory, it has been argued/ for instance, that there are four types of 'desired pasts' there: (1) the Israeli desired past which is sought by the Israeli state and the Jewish organizations of the United States; (2) the conservative Christian past which is championed by the Christian fundamentalist organizations, the American School of Oriental Research and the Biblical Archaeological Society; (3) the Palestinian desired past, favoured by the Palestinian rights organizations and Palestinian archaeologists and intellectuals; and finally, (4) the diplomatic desired past, as represented by the appointed officials of the US State department.
Topic:
Religion, History, Israel, Judaism, Christianity, Civilization, and Palestine
Political Geography:
India