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2. Centring Gender and Power in Evaluation and Research: Sharing experiences from Oxfam GB’s quantitative impact evaluations
- Author:
- Sarah Barakat, Alexia Pretari, and Jaynie Vonk
- Publication Date:
- 07-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Bringing a feminist intent to research, monitoring and evaluation practices leads to defining these as tools to contribute to transforming the lives of women, girls and non-binary people, and to bringing about social justice. This has meant putting gender and power at the centre of our practice, which has in turn shaped the technical choices made specifically in quantitative impact evaluations. This paper focuses on describing how these technical choices, as well as ethical considerations, are changed by this feminist intent. The paper also presents the lessons learned and questions raised along the way, which may be useful for MEAL and research practitioners, as well as programme managers. How can we bring intersectionality to the fore? What does it mean to go beyond the gender binary? How can this work be transformative?
- Topic:
- Women, Feminism, LGBT+, and Gender
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
3. A People’s Vaccine For Refugees: Ensuring access to COVID-19 vaccines for refugees and other displaced people
- Author:
- Charlotte Greener
- Publication Date:
- 11-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- As we continue to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital that no one is excluded from vaccine coverage. This briefing note addresses some of the challenges faced by displaced people – including refugees, asylum seekers, IDPs, stateless people, and others in displacement contexts – in accessing COVID-19 vaccinations. It identifies a range of administrative and logistical barriers, the issue of lack of information and vaccine hesitancy, and gender-specific barriers to access for these populations. The briefing note provides recommendations to governments, UN agencies, and other actors to help address these challenges and ensure vaccine access for all displaced people.
- Topic:
- Refugees, Displacement, Humanitarian Intervention, Pandemic, and COVID-19
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
4. Making Aid Work in Lebanon: Promoting aid effectiveness and respect for Rights in Middle-Income Countries Affected by Mass Displacement
- Author:
- Bachir Ayoub and Dima Mahdi
- Publication Date:
- 04-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Lebanon currently hosts the largest number of refugees per capita in the world. Donors have recognized the scale of the challenge and have offered support both in the form of humanitarian assistance and in multi-year development financing. This briefing paper is based on extensive research conducted in partnership with the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS). It urges donors and policy makers to ensure that new financing to Lebanon is rights-based, accountable to local populations, reflects local priorities, benefits the most vulnerable and does not exacerbate pre-existing structural issues.
- Topic:
- Foreign Aid, Refugee Crisis, Displacement, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and Lebanon
5. Biometrics in the Humanitarian Sector
- Author:
- Carly Nyst, Zara Rahman, and Paola Verhaert
- Publication Date:
- 03-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Biometrics is the measurement of human characteristics through technology such as iris scanning, facial recognition and fingerprint scanning. In the aid sector, supporters of the technology praise its potential to combat fraud and streamline service delivery in low-resource settings, while others point to the significant risks to privacy resulting from collecting and storing this personal information. This report was commissioned by Oxfam to help it consider the possibility of introducing secure, ethical and cost-effective use of biometric technology in its programmes in the future. The report looks at the external context around use of biometric technology in the humanitarian sector, considers the benefits and potential harm, and goes on to outline cases where the use of biometrics could be helpful.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, Refugee Crisis, Humanitarian Intervention, and Emerging Technology
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
6. Women’s empowerment in Tunisia: Impact Evaluation of the Project ‘AMAL: Supporting Women’s Transformative Leadership’ in Tunisia
- Author:
- Simone Lombardini
- Publication Date:
- 05-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2016/17, selected for review under the women’s empowerment thematic area. The evaluation took place in November 2016 in Tunisia, and intended to evaluate the success of the ‘AMAL: Supporting Women’s Transformative Leadership’ project in increasing women’s empowerment. The project ‘AMAL: Supporting Women’s Transformative Leadership’ is a multi-country programme operating in Morocco, Tunisia, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Yemen, with regional coordination from Lebanon. The results coming from this Effectiveness Review are not meant to be indicative of the overall impact of AMAL, but more a focused assessment for the Tunisia component. The AMAL project operating in Tunisia started in 2012, following the revolution of 2011, with the objective to increase women’s awareness of their political and socio-economic rights, and support women to play a more active role in the political and socio-economic life of their community and country.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, Gender Based Violence, and Feminism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Tunisia
7. Resilience in Burkina Faso: Impact evaluation of the ‘Resilience, Food security and Nutrition’ project
- Author:
- Robert Fuller and Alexia Pretari
- Publication Date:
- 05-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Resilience, Food Security and Nutrition Project (Projet de Resilience, Securite Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle, PRSAN) was carried out in the North and Centre-North regions of Burkina Faso between 2013 and 2017 by Oxfam and Christian Aid, together with two implementing partners, the Alliance Technique d’Assistance au Developpement (ATAD) and the Office de Developpement des Eglises Evangeliques (ODE). The project was aimed at enabling particularly vulnerable households to increase their resilience and improve their food security and nutritional situation. Project activities included supporting households in crop production, market gardening, processing and household businesses, providing awareness-raising on good nutritional practices, carrying out community-level disaster assessments and establishing early-warning committees, and distributing livestock and cash transfers. The Effectiveness Review was aimed at evaluating the success of this project in enabling participants to build their resilience to shocks, stresses and uncertainty. This report is part of Oxfam’s Effectiveness Review Series.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Climate Change, Environment, Gender Issues, and Farming
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Burkina Faso
8. Oxfam Cymru and South Riverside Community Development Centre Skills for Life Project: Final Evaluation Report
- Author:
- Leon Quinn
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Skills for Life project was a one-year project focused on supporting predominantly Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) women in Cardiff to “build long-term, lasting outcomes [beyond] moving into entry-level work and beyond ‘first jobs’ (whilst recognising their value as stepping stones)”. Skills for Life is a sister project of Future Skills, and run as part of Oxfam’s UK Programme Women United. It was delivered by Oxfam Cymru in partnership with South Riverside Community Development Centre (SRCDC).
- Topic:
- Poverty, Labor Issues, Sustainability, Skilled Labor, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom, England, and Wales
9. Introducing Information Communication Technologies into Humanitarian Programming
- Author:
- Laura Eldon and Anna Kondakhchyan
- Publication Date:
- 07-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Digital technologies are radically transforming the ways in which aid agencies can interact with the communities with whom they work. Oxfam believes that information communication technologies (ICTs) offer a huge opportunity to amplify and improve effectiveness across the organization’s work. From monitoring water points to delivering electronic vouchers through mobile phones and digitalizing protection surveys, Oxfam has been harnessing the use of ICTs to enhance the quality, accessibility and efficiency of its programming. Yet, the path from experimentation to widespread adoption and organizational support for new tools and technologies can be a challenging one, often opening up a range of concerns and opportunities. This article looks at the example of beneficiary information management and the introduction of World Vision’s Last Mile Mobile Solutions (LMMS) digital registration and distribution management platform. It explores the application of Oxfam’s ‘innovation pyramid’ to take the introduction of new tools from ‘systems of innovation’ to ‘systems of differentiation’ and subsequently to 'systems of record’. Digital technologies are radically transforming the ways in which aid agencies can interact with the communities with whom they work. Oxfam believes that information communication technologies (ICTs) offer a huge opportunity to amplify and improve effectiveness across the organization’s work. From monitoring water points to delivering electronic vouchers through mobile phones and digitalizing protection surveys, Oxfam has been harnessing the use of ICTs to enhance the quality, accessibility and efficiency of its programming. Yet, the path from experimentation to widespread adoption and organizational support for new tools and technologies can be a challenging one, often opening up a range of concerns and opportunities. This article looks at the example of beneficiary information management and the introduction of World Vision’s Last Mile Mobile Solutions (LMMS) digital registration and distribution management platform. It explores the application of Oxfam’s ‘innovation pyramid’ to take the introduction of new tools from ‘systems of innovation’ to ‘systems of differentiation’ and subsequently to 'systems of record’.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, Communications, Digital Economy, and Innovation
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
10. The Future of Business: Shaping Inclusive Growth in South-East Asia
- Author:
- Shubert Ciencia and Alex Maitland
- Publication Date:
- 09-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- South-East Asia has seen remarkable economic growth over recent decades but also faces serious challenges, especially growing levels of inequality. Solutions are emerging, and the region’s leaders have agreed that inclusive growth is the way forward. Inclusive economies need inclusive businesses. Although at an early stage, we’re witnessing the potential for business to deliver the solutions. This discussion paper reviews the issues faced in the region, how business can be part of the solution through a spectrum of approaches, ways in which social enterprise models can be supported to thrive, and makes recommendations for the region’s businesses.
- Topic:
- Economics, Regional Cooperation, Innovation, and Inclusion
- Political Geography:
- Asia and Southeast Asia
11. Civil society-led Emergency Preparedness for Women with Disabilities in Gaza
- Author:
- Richard Chilvers, Noor Abu Kwaik, and Annabel Morrissey
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Gaza has long been a place of desperate need, with huge challenges in all areas of civic life. Devastating escalations in violence not only destroy lives and infrastructure, but also hope and aspiration. In the midst of this, the most marginalized people are often ignored or forgotten. As part of the Within and Without the State programme, community researchers worked with women with disabilities to enable them to devise a plan for periods of crisis. This included strengthening emergency preparedness, coordinating assistance, ensuring shelters are disability-friendly and supporting long-term advocacy for women with disabilities.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, Women, and Disability
- Political Geography:
- Israel, Palestine, and Gaza
12. Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Case Study of Pakistan
- Author:
- Steph Avis, Uzma Batool, Eliza Hilton, and Irnum Malik
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This case study describes implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice. The project, supported by ECHO Enhanced Response Capacity and Oxfam, was implemented by Oxfam in Pakistan between September 2015 and March 2017.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Governance, Feminism, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and Middle East
13. Accountability Review in Yemen: Humanitarian assistance and resilience building
- Author:
- Faiza Hesham Hael
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This accountability review is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2014/15. The report documents the findings from a review carried out in December 2014 which examines the degree to which Oxfam meets its own standards for accountability. The project ’Humanitarian Assistance and Resilience Building in Western Yemen’ is a two-year project supporting vulnerable communities in Al-Hodeidah and Hajjah governorates. Oxfam and its partners aim to build resilience and provide humanitarian assistance to men, women and children, contributing to reducing the impact of chronic poverty, natural hazards and conflict. This assignment examined accountability to partners and communities in terms of transparency, feedback/listening and participation – three key dimensions of Accountability for Oxfam. In addition it asked questions around partnership practices, staff attitudes, and satisfaction (how useful the project is to people and how wisely the money on this project has been spent) where appropriate.
- Topic:
- Poverty, Governance, Conflict, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Yemen and Persian Gulf
14. An Economy that Works for Women: Achieving Women's Economic Empowerment in an Increasingly Unequal World
- Author:
- Rowan Harvey, Anam Parvez, and Francesca Rhodes
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Women’s economic empowerment could reduce poverty for everyone. In order to achieve it, we need to first fix the current broken economic model which is undermining gender equality and causing extreme economic inequality. The neoliberal model has made it harder for women to have better quality and better paid jobs, address inequality in unpaid care work, and women’s influence and decision making power is constrained. To achieve women’s economic empowerment, we need a human economy that works for women and men alike, and for everyone, not just the richest 1%.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Labor Issues, Discrimination, and Femininity
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
15. The Impact of Protection Interventions on Unaccompanied and Separated Children in Humanitarian Crises
- Author:
- Leigh-Anne Gillespie, Priya Gupta, Debbie Landis, Harry Shannon, and Katharine Williamson
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- During conflicts and crises, children often face multiple stressors that can have significant impacts on their physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. Because unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) have lost the care and protection of their primary caregivers, they face a heightened risk of abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence (Maestral International, 2011). As a result, programming for UASC cases is often prioritized in the context of humanitarian interventions (Maestral International, 2011; Hepburn et al., 2004). But what is the impact of protection interventions on UASC in humanitarian crises in low and middle income countries? How effective are child protection activities specific to UASC at restoring a protective environment? How effective are interventions aimed at preventing and responding to abuse, exploitation, violence and neglect at ensuring the safety of UASC? How effective are mental health and psychosocial support interventions in promoting the mental health and psychosocial well-being of UASC?
- Topic:
- Children, Refugee Crisis, Child Poverty, and Humanitarian Intervention
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
16. outh Sudan Gender Analysis: A snapshot situation analysis of the differential impact of the humanitarian crisis on women, girls, men and boys in South Sudan
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The continuing conflict in South Sudan, which began in December 2013, is having a devastating impact on the lives and livelihoods of millions of South Sudanese women, men, boys and girls, with the result that South Sudan is now one of the most food-insecure countries in the world. Women and men of all ages are suffering from the effects of conflict, including abuses and loss of control over, and access to, vital resources. This report presents the results of a gender analysis field study conducted in South Sudan in May-June 2016. The study was carried out as part of the ECHO-ERC project ‘Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice’. The report highlights the different impacts the conflict is having on women and men; whether and how these needs are being addressed; and where opportunities may exist for UN agencies, donors, South Sudanese authorities and civil society to incorporate a stronger gender element into their programmes and responses. It also aims to explain how programmes can be gender-sensitive in times of protracted conflict.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, United Nations, Humanitarian Intervention, Food Assistance, and Disaster Management
- Political Geography:
- Africa and South Sudan
17. Legislative Wins, Broken Promises: Gaps in implementation of laws on violence against women and girls
- Author:
- Christine Hughes
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This multi-country research report examines the problem of implementation gaps – government failures to fulfill their legislative obligations to address and prevent violence against women and girls. It presents a comparative analysis of shortfalls between government commitments as laid out in laws, and the realities for survivors of violence as they try to access services and justice. Drawing also on positive examples, lessons are shared about what can be done to improve the implementation of laws, and how civil society organizations can more effectively hold governments to account, so that laws can have a greater impact on ending violence against women and girls.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, Governance, and Gender Based Violence
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
18. The Human Cost of Uncontrolled Arms in Africa: Cross-national research on seven African countries
- Author:
- Adesoji Adeniyi
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Prolonged conflict, proxy wars, and inter-communal strife characterize many regions in Africa. This violence has caused untold atrocities, deaths, sexual violence, and displacement, as well as accelerating poverty and shattering lives and communities across the continent. Uncontrolled arms in Africa fuel this violence and are increasingly putting lives at immense risk. This report provides evidence about the human costs of uncontrolled arms: injuries and fatalities, internally displaced people and refugees, gender-based violence, and erosion of social cohesion and communal trust. Covering Mali, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia and Libya, it provides arms control recommendations to African states, the African Union and Regional Economic Communities, donor communities, and the private sector.
- Topic:
- Regional Cooperation, Refugees, Arms Trade, Conflict, Violence, Proxy War, and African Union
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, Mali, South Sudan, Central African Republic, and Democratic Republic of Congo
19. Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Case study of Dominican Republic
- Author:
- Zobeyda Cepeda and Eliza Hilton
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This case study describes implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Governance, Bureaucracy, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Caribbean, Dominican Republic, and North America
20. From Aspiration to Reality: Unpacking the Africa Mining Vision
- Author:
- Vanessa Ushie
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Africa Mining Vision (AMV) is a policy framework that was created by the African Union in 2009 to ensure that Africa uses its mineral resources strategically for broad-based, inclusive development. Eight years after its inception, implementation has been slow and there is a low level of awareness of the framework among key stakeholders in the mineral sector. This paper shows that the AMV has specific weaknesses that should be addressed through its national implementation, in order to enhance the benefits for African citizens. Africa’s leaders and citizens must act now to ensure that the goals of the AMV are realized. It is a transformative policy that can drive sustainable development on the continent.
- Topic:
- Development, Natural Resources, Mining, and Sustainability
- Political Geography:
- Africa
21. Consolidated Gender Analysis for Disaster Response in Pakistan
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Pakistan is highly vulnerable to disasters, but disasters have very different impacts on women, girls, men and boys. Moreover, organizations involved in relief efforts are currently not paying sufficient attention to the needs of women and girls. This analysis by Oxfam identifies the main areas where a gender gap is apparent, and puts forward recommendations for addressing these issues.
- Topic:
- Disaster Relief, Gender Issues, Children, and Disaster Management
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and Middle East
22. Training Manual: Gender leadership in humanitarian action
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Gender interacts with multiple factors including but not limited to age, ethnicity, disability, caste, class, religion and environment, to determine an individual’s ability to be aware of, lay claim to, and access their rights and entitlements. In times of crisis ‘ whether slow or sudden onset, climate or conflict driven ‘ there are shifts in how these factors interact that present opportunities and risks for women, girls, men and boys in accessing their rights, in the short, medium and longer term. Humanitarian (and development) actors need to be sensitive to these risks and opportunities. The purpose of this training manual is to support the institutionalization of gender equality and women’s rights in all humanitarian action. It was developed by Oxfam to support the implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice in the Humanitarian System, supported by the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO) during 2015 to 2017. The aim of this initial training is to develop a critical mass of committed gender leaders ‘ some might call these ‘change agents’ or ‘change-makers’ ‘ who can together influence changes in policy and practice at different levels across the humanitarian system.
- Topic:
- Environment, Gender Issues, Minorities, Crisis Management, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe
23. Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Case study of Ethiopia
- Author:
- Steph Avis, Eliza Hilton, and Ankets Petros
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This case study describes implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice.
- Topic:
- Development, Gender Issues, Institutionalism, and Risk
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Ethiopia
24. The Impact of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Interventions on People Affected by Humanitarian Emergencies: A systematic review
- Author:
- Anna Chiumento, Kelly Dickson, Lambert Felix, and Bangpan Mukdarut
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This systematic review, commissioned by the Humanitarian Evidence Programme and carried out by a team from the EPPI-Centre, University College London (UCL), draws together primary research on mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programmes for people affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It investigates both the process of implementing MHPSS programmes and their receipt by affected populations, as well as assessing their intended and unintended effects. What are the barriers to, and facilitators of, implementing and receiving MHPSS interventions delivered to populations affected by humanitarian emergencies? What are the effects of MHPSS interventions delivered to populations affected by humanitarian emergencies? What are the key features of effective MHPSS interventions and how can they be successfully developed and implemented? What are the gaps in research evidence for supporting delivery and achieving the intended outcomes of MHPSS interventions? The systematic review, together with corresponding executive summary and evidence brief, forms part of a series of humanitarian evidence syntheses and systematic reviews commissioned by the Humanitarian Evidence Programme. Other reports in the series review the evidence on interventions or approaches to mental health, child protection, market support and household food security, acute malnutrition, pastoralist livelihoods, shelter self-recovery and urban response.
- Topic:
- Health, Children, Mental Health, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
25. Women’s Empowerment in Armenia: Impact Evaluation of the Women’s Economic Empowerment Project in Rural Communities in Vayots Dzor region
- Author:
- Simone Lombardini
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2015/16, selected for review under the women’s empowerment thematic area. The evaluation took place in November 2015 in Vayots Dzor region – Armenia. It intended to evaluate the success of the ‘Women’s economic empowerment in rural communities of Vayots Dzor region’ project in achieving its objectives: increasing household income (by promoting agriculture/horticulture and agribusiness) and promoting women’s economic empowerment.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Economic Growth, Feminism, and Rural
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Armenia, and West Asia
26. The Reality of the EU-Turkey Statement: How Greece has Become a Testing Ground for Policies that Erode Protection for Refugees
- Author:
- Ashleigh Lovertt, Renata Rendon, and Claire Whelan
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- One year ago, European states closed their borders along the Western Balkan route and EU leaders put in place the EU-Turkey Statement, a so-called temporary measure to stop irregular migration to Europe. Now EU leaders are declaring their approach a success. The International Rescue Committee (IRC), the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), and Oxfam are providing humanitarian response on the Greek islands and mainland, and as their experience clearly shows, the context on the ground is far more troubling and complex. Beyond the deeply concerning situation in Greece, the EU is looking to replicate the EU-Turkey Statement model elsewhere, and in so doing, risks setting a dangerous precedent for the rest of the world. The EU has a proud history of commitment to international law and human rights which has driven its policies for 60 years. This joint agency paper argues that now is the time for Europe to show global leadership on migration by adopting policies that uphold these values, rather than triggering a race to the bottom.
- Topic:
- Regional Cooperation, European Union, Refugee Crisis, Borders, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Turkey, and Asia
27. One Year Stranded and What’s Changed? An Update to the October 2016 Joint NGO Policy Brief on the Situation for Displaced Persons in Greece
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- It is one year since the introduction of Europe’s flawed migration policies to close borders along the Western Balkan route and return migrants and refugees to Turkey, leaving thousands stranded in Greece. This update provides an overview of the current situation in Greece, and sets out what eight national and international responding agencies see as the most urgent issues to address and the major concerns with Europe’s response to this crisis.
- Topic:
- Regional Cooperation, Refugee Crisis, Borders, and NGOs
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Turkey, Greece, Asia, and Balkans
28. Joint NGO Briefing: Brussels Syria Conference
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Today more than ever, the international community must share responsibility and stand firmly in support of Syria’s civilian population. It is clear however that the aid response, as vital as it is, will only go so far and cannot fully address the needs of Syrian communities to be free from violence and the violations of international human rights (IHRL) and humanitarian law (IHL) that characterize the conflict. In this briefing, Oxfam joins with a variety of agencies and coordination fora to call on all members of the international community, in particular permanent members of the UN Security Council and the EU and EU member states who are discussing post-agreement planning, to insist on the full implementation of relevant UN Security Council resolutions on Syria that relate to respect for IHL and IHRL, as well as implementation of the Geneva Communique of 2012. The Brussels conference should also set the foundation for inclusive and meaningful participation of Syrian NGOs and civil society, including youth and women’s groups, as key partners in ensuring effective post-agreement planning that captures the needs and desires of the people of Syria and supports local community rebuilding and resilience.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, European Union, NGOs, Local, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Middle East, and Syria
29. Social Accountability in Tajikistan: Enchancing Trust Between Communities and Water Service Providers
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Tajikistan was one of the first countries that signed up for the Global Partnership for Social Accountability (GPSA). Oxfam’s strategy on social accountability in the country focuses in three aspects: constructive engagement, enhancing trust through the Community Advisory Boards (CABs), and promoting women’s engagement. The programme has generated strong commitment from the government, communities and water services providers.
- Topic:
- Water, Infrastructure, Governance, Accountability, and Community
- Political Geography:
- Central Asia, Asia, and Tajikistan
30. Social Accountability in Sierra Leone: Influencing for pro-poor WASH investment in the 24-month post-Ebola recovery planning
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Oxfam is leading the Freetown WASH Consortium (FWC) programme in Sierra Leone, which aims to contribute to health improvement through specific pro-poor WASH interventions that are aligned to the government’s 24-month post-Ebola recovery planning. Oxfam’s strategy focuses on promoting citizen engagement and the translation of community needs into policies.
- Topic:
- Ebola, Public Health, Pandemic, and Community
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Sierra Leone
31. Social Accountability in Lebanon: Promoting Dialogue in Humanitarian and Development WASH Programmes
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Oxfam’s work in Lebanon, both on humanitarian WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) and more long-term water development programmes, uses social accountability mechanisms to assess community needs, empower citizens and promote dialogue among affected stakeholders. This strategy has helped to unlock some tensions in an effort to provide basic rights and services to vulnerable people. However the situation in many settings remains fragile, and further efforts are needed to promote dialogue and to anchor consultation processes to the water sector dynamics in Lebanon.
- Topic:
- Infrastructure, Accountability, Humanitarian Crisis, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and Lebanon
32. Opening the Vaults: The Use of Tax Havens by Europe’s Biggest Banks
- Author:
- Manon Aubry and Thomas Dauphin
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The world of tax havens is a murky place. In Europe, only one sector is required to publicly report its profits and tax on a country-by-country basis – the banking sector, as a result of regulation following the financial crisis. Since 2015 all banks based in the European Union have been obliged to report on their operations in this way. This report showcases research by Oxfam that uses this new transparency data in depth for the first time to illustrate the extent to which the top 20 EU banks are using tax havens, and in which ways. The urgent need now is to extend public country-by-country reporting to all sectors of the economy. If tax transparency is extended to all sectors, it will be easier for governments to clamp down on tax dodging and to repatriate lost tax revenues that could be used to fight inequality through investment in healthcare, education, social protection and job creation.
- Topic:
- Inequality, Tax Systems, Banks, Transparency, and Banking
- Political Geography:
- Europe
33. Good Jobs in Greater Manchester: The Role of Employment Charters
- Author:
- Emily Ball, Ceri Hughes, Donna-Louise Hurrell, and Tom Skinner
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- A more inclusive labour market would offer more people the chance to take part in rewarding, well-paid work, bringing both economic and social benefits. In the context of declining union membership, limited employment regulation and a growing disconnect between pay and living costs, employment charters are one means for cities to engage employers and start a conversation about how their employment practices can enable local people to live and work well. This paper and the accompanying case studies grew out of a conversation about ways to facilitate more inclusive growth in cities. It focuses on Greater Manchester and reviews the rationale, design and impact of several local employment charter initiatives in the UK to assess the role that they can play in creating and sustaining quality jobs.
- Topic:
- Poverty, Labor Issues, Employment, and Inequality
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom and Europe
34. Towards Sustainable Food Security in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Strengthening rangeland governance
- Author:
- Naama Baumgarten-Sharon
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Bedouin and herder communities are among the poorest and most marginalized populations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. In the West Bank, an estimated 30,000 Bedouin live in 183 communities in Area C, under complete Israeli control. In the Gaza Strip, there are some 75,000 Bedouin living in 18 Bedouin communities, many in border areas where there are access restrictions enforced by the Israeli army. These communities suffer from lack of access to basic services and are some of the most marginalized in Gaza. Better rangeland management would enable the available resources to be optimized and would increase the productivity of the agricultural sector, increasing food security under the existing constrained conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe the challenges facing rangeland management in the OPT and the possibilities for change.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Natural Resources, Territorial Disputes, Food Security, and Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Palestine, Gaza, West Bank, and Irsael
35. A Resilient Present and Future are Possible
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Asia is exposed and vulnerable to a wide range of natural and manmade hazards. In many respects, it is the global epicenter for disasters. Its location makes it prone to destructive hazards that are exacerbated by climate change, leading to an increasing number of cyclones, sea level rises, severe drought, and other extreme climate effects. This vulnerability is compounded by poverty. The majority of the world’s poorest people today live in Asia, thus protection and recovery from these disasters remain difficult. In Asia, Oxfam continues to work with partners and vulnerable communities to promote resilience against existing risks and new risks from natural and human induced disasters that impact disadvantaged poor people in Asia. This map provides an overview of the extensive work in 11 countries in Asia and features different kinds of approaches towards building resilience: small holder agriculture and enterprises; water resilience; urban resilience; natural resource management; working with the private sector to build resilience; and climate finance and gender justice, among others.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Climate Change, Disaster Relief, Gender Issues, and Water
- Political Geography:
- Asia
36. ‘We’re Here For an Indefinite Period’ Prospects for local integration of internally displaced people in North Kivu, DRC
- Author:
- Aurore Mathieu
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Internally displaced people in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are struggling to find long-term solutions to improve their resilience to shocks in a region that has been beset by armed conflict for more than 20 years. In 2016 Oxfam partners undertook a survey among host communities and displaced people in Masisi and Lubero, North Kivu, to gain a picture of the formal and informal mechanisms developed by displaced people to integrate into host communities. It revealed that although the majority of displaced people wish to return eventually to their place of origin, the least vulnerable displaced people are those who manage to integrate into their host communities. This paper reports the views of displaced people and host communities. It aims to influence the debate underway on solutions to displacement in the province of North Kivu and provides concrete suggestions for ways to strengthen those mechanisms; in particular by redefining the interventions of humanitarian and development actors and authorities to consider the needs of host communities
- Topic:
- Displacement, Local, Humanitarian Crisis, and Internal Displacement
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo
37. Building a More Equal Scotland: Designing Scotland’s Poverty and Inequality Commission
- Author:
- David Eiser, Ryan McQuigg, and Francis Stuart
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- In 2015 Oxfam Scotland called for the creation of an Inequality Commission, building on Scotland’s politicians from across all parties stating their support to tackle economic inequality. The Scottish government has committed to establishing a Poverty and Inequality Commission in 2017–18, but its design will be critical. This report, produced in collaboration with the Fraser of Allander Institute, explores the scale of inequality in Scotland and the drivers behind it. The report examines some, but not all, of the intersecting and overlapping dimensions of economic inequality and poverty – as well as potential policy responses and the powers of the Scottish Parliament. The report then explores lessons from the work of previous commissions and makes a series of recommendations for the Scottish government as it establishes the new Poverty and Inequality Commission.
- Topic:
- Poverty, Governance, Inequality, and Economic Inequality
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom, Europe, and Scotland
38. Women’s Empowerment in South Africa: Evaluation of the Raising Her Voice project
- Author:
- Gavin Stedman-Bryce
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2015/16, selected for review under the women’s empowerment thematic area. This report documents the findings of an impact evaluation, carried out in January 2016. The purpose of the evaluation was to rigorously assess the effectiveness of the Raising Her Voice project in South Africa (RHV-SA), in terms of its contribution to greater women’s empowerment. Usually, evaluations under this thematic area are evaluated using quasi-experimental impact evaluation techniques. In this case, given the characteristics of the project, a different impact evaluation technique has been applied, called process tracing. Where interventions have small sample sizes for evaluators to draw from (referred to as small ‘n’ evaluations), this can make it difficult to adopt traditional counterfactual approaches to establishing causality for a range of technical and practical reasons. This is a situation typically faced in projects under Oxfam’s Good Governance outcome area (previously known as Citizen Voice and Policy Influencing). Evaluations of interventions under this outcome area are concerned with establishing whether or not they contributed to an observed change; in other words, they are concerned with assessing a causal claim. To make this type of assessment possible, Oxfam developed a pre-qualified protocol, based on process tracing.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Governance, Gender Based Violence, and Feminism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and South Africa
39. Governance in Tajikistan: Evaluation of the Women Smallholder Farmer Advocacy Campaign
- Author:
- Clay Westrope
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2015/16, randomly selected for review under the good governance thematic area. This report documents the findings of a qualitative impact evaluation, carried out in May 2016. The evaluation used process tracing to assess the effectiveness of the GROW campaign in Tajikistan. In an effort to complement agricultural value chain programming implemented by a variety of organisations in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, Oxfam GB (OGB) integrated aspects of its global advocacy campaign, GROW. The GROW campaign takes a multi-pronged approach to the multi-faceted issue of global food insecurity by focusing on a diversity of causes, including climate change, land reform issues, industrial farming, and private sector policies. In Tajikistan, the campaign team selected contextually relevant key issues to guide its advocacy activities, including climate change, land reform, and water availability with a focus on women smallholder farmers as the key agricultural producers. OGB did this through trainings, workshops, round tables, and highly visual events integrated with previous and currently existing programming. In Tajikistan, the GROW Campaign was implemented in a distinctive way by leveraging synergies between previous, existing, and future programming both directly and tangentially related to the main themes of the campaign. Rather than serving as a standalone campaign, GROW served as a platform from which to promote, influence, and advocate on issues through related projects being implemented on the ground.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Governance, Feminism, Rural, Farming, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- Central Asia, Asia, and Tajikistan
40. Finance for a Fruitful Future: Dutch Aid for Agriculture 2005-2015
- Author:
- Hugo Hooijer and Madelon Meijer
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Dutch oofficial development assistance (ODA) for agriculture has been on the rise in the last five years. However, it remains unclear whether Dutch ODA expenditures on agriculture are reaching female smallholder farmers. Empowering smallholders, especially women, is a proven solution for reducing hunger and poverty. This is particularly true of the rural poor, who are the worst affected by the impacts of climate change. This paper calls on the Dutch government to combine a strong ODA budget for agriculture with a solid strategy for resolving hunger by 2030, to scale up climate finance for adaptations in the agricultural sector, and to supply improved data on the impact of agricultural investments for each target group and gender.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Poverty, Sustainable Development Goals, and Farming
- Political Geography:
- Africa
41. Adapting Programming to an Urban Environment in Pakistan
- Author:
- Syed Hasnain Ali, Ian Goodrich, and Hashim Zaidi
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The programme seeks to ensure that women, men and young people living in poverty in cities in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan have improved access to decent income opportunities and a dignified, healthy habitat. To achieve this goal, the programme is structured around three pillars: bringing together citizens to contribute to local governance; improving the responsiveness and capacity of local government actors; and improving access to WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) services and livelihood opportunities. The approach entails bringing together citizens in Effective Citizen Groups (ECG), with sub-groups for trade, WASH and participatory monitoring. Groups are supported in developing influencing strategies, and in lobbying local officials for improved WASH and livelihoods outcomes (e.g. repair of water and sanitation networks, increased access to livelihood support services) through participation in, and monitoring of, local government planning processes. This document particularly focuses on the programme’s learning about adapting programming to an urban environment.
- Topic:
- Inequality, Citizenship, Urban, and Community
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and Middle East
42. Sustainable Solutions to Water Supply in Kenya
- Author:
- Ian Goodrich and Simeon Ogamba
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Kenya Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Resilience and Governance Programme is built upon a theory of change which emphasizes empowerment, rights and the ability of citizens – particularly women – to develop and implement their own strategies for better access to services to improve health and quality of life. The programme’s approach holds that the best-placed actors to deliver improved water and sanitation are the country’s government, civil society and private sector, who are held accountable by the citizens they serve in promoting the quality and sustainability of services. The programme addresses water and sanitation challenges in urban and rural settlements of Kenya, strengthening the capacity of county governments, water-user associations and water utility companies to provide safe, sustainable services; developing and piloting innovative solutions; and working with other civil society partners to call for policy changes that address the needs of the most vulnerable people. This document particularly focuses on the question of whether water ATMs are a sustainable solution to water supply.
- Topic:
- Water, Infrastructure, Innovation, and Sustainability
- Political Geography:
- Kenya and Africa
43. Working in Partnership With Others: Facilitating Changes in Livelihoods in Rwanda
- Author:
- Ian Goodrich
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The programme has four main objectives: Employment and value chain development. Enhancing the enabling environment for agricultural markets and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Strengthening citizen participation in government decision making related to the agriculture sector. Strengthening women’s economic leadership. This document focuses on these areas and how the programme has addressed the government’s ban on the use of plastic bags, which created an obstacle for small-scale producers.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Development, Gender Issues, Governance, Leadership, Participation, and Value Chains
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Rwanda
44. Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Development: For Sustainable Alliances in the South Caucasus
- Author:
- Ian Goodrich and Benoit Trudel
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The programme’s overall objective is ‘to contribute to the improvement of food security and nutrition in the South Caucasus through smallholder farmers’ representation in the governance processes’. It focuses on working with government structures and civil society actors to develop, implement and monitor food security-related strategies and legislation, ensuring that support mechanisms are in place for small-scale producers. The programme also supports national alliances and institution-building, enabling sustainable civil society engagement in the policy process, a critical component given Oxfam’s planned phase-out in 2017. This document particularly focuses on the programme’s use of the Social Network Analysis methodology to support the sustainability of its alliances.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Development, Alliance, and Sustainability
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Caucasus, Asia, and South Caucasus
45. DRR and CCA in the Philippines: Promoting Women’s Participation and Leadership
- Author:
- Rhoda Avila, Sarah Barakat, Ana Maria Caspe, and Dante Dalabajan
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Oxfam’s climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) programme in the Philippines focuses on conflict-prone and climate change-sensitive areas, as well as areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan in Mindanao. The programme aims to help poor women, men and their communities become more resilient to the impacts of climate change. This includes enhancing their well-being and emotional resilience to the shocks, stresses and uncertainties of everyday life. The programme hopes to achieve this by helping community members and local and national government to prepare for disasters, and by encouraging government to secure investment and support from the private sector.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Women, Leadership, and Participation
- Political Geography:
- Philippines and Oceania
46. Community Protection Structures: Influencing for Local-Level Change in Conflict Settings in the DRC
- Author:
- Sarah Barakat and Melanie Kesmaecker-Wissing
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Using learning from protection programming in Colombia, Oxfam has been implementing its community protection programme in the DRC since 2006. It aims to help individuals prevent, and respond to, violence and abuse, while also holding duty-bearers to account for the protection of civilian populations. The programme uses a community-based approach that involves building Community Protection Structures (CPSs). Supported by Oxfam and partners, these are designed to identify the main threats faced by communities and find the best way of addressing them, while engaging with local authorities. The programme seeks to address power imbalances, between men and women and also between rights holders and duty-bearers. Its core premise is that communication among community members, and between them and local authorities, is key in order to find pragmatic ways to uphold people’s rights while also holding authorities to account. This communication must be informed by a shared understanding of human rights.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Civil Rights, Community, and Protected People
- Political Geography:
- Democratic Republic of Congo
47. The Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index: A New Global Ranking of Governments Based on What They are Doing to Tackle the Gap Between Rich and Poor
- Author:
- Max Lawson and Matthew Martin
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- In 2015, the leaders of 193 governments promised to reduce inequality as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Without reducing inequality, meeting the SDG to eliminate poverty will be impossible. Now Development Finance International and Oxfam have produced the first index to measure the commitment of governments to reducing the gap between the rich and the poor. The Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index uses a new database of indicators covering 152 countries, which measures government action on social spending, tax and labour rights – three areas found to be critical to reducing inequality. This first version of the CRI Index is work in progress, and DFI and Oxfam welcome comments and additions. We find that there is an urgent need for coordinated global investment to significantly improve the data on inequality and policies to reduce it, and much greater concerted action by governments across the world to reduce the gap between rich and poor.
- Topic:
- Education, Health Care Policy, Inequality, Sustainable Development Goals, Tax Systems, and Land
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
48. Oxfam’s Future of Business Initiative: Promoting Equitable Businesses and Fourth Sector Development
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 09-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Since the turn of the century, the poorest half of the world’s population has received just 1% of the total increase in global wealth. Meanwhile, half the new wealth has gone to the richest 1%. At present, mainstream business is driving, rather than reversing, this disturbing trend. To help reverse this trend, we need rapid growth of equitable business structures with purpose, fairness and sustainability embedded into their model. In efforts to promote such equitable business structures, and the fourth sector, Oxfam is launching the Future of Business Initiative. Through this initiative, Oxfam will help such enterprises access finance and work with global companies on how they can include them in their supply chains. Oxfam will also investigate how having more businesses structured more equitably can contribute towards tackling global inequality, and ways government policies can better foster them, and the broader fourth sector.
- Topic:
- Development, Poverty, Labor Issues, Private Sector, and Equity
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
49. Tourism’s Dirty Secret: The exploitation of hotel housekeepers
- Author:
- Diana Sarosi
- Publication Date:
- 10-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Tourism is booming and generates millions of jobs for women around the world. Yet the hotel industry exemplifies the vast inequality of today’s world. The women who make hotel beds and clean hotel toilets labour long hours for meagre pay, face sexual harassment and intimidation, are exposed daily to toxic chemicals and live in fear of arbitrary dismissal. Meanwhile, the top-earning hotel CEOs can earn more in an hour than some housekeepers do in a year. Such systematic exploitation is not inevitable. The hotel industry, consumers and governments must all be part of the solution to end the economic exploitation of women. This report examines the working lives of housekeepers in Toronto, Canada, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic and Phuket, Thailand. In dozens of interviews with hotel housekeepers, representatives of workers’ organizations and hotel managers, Oxfam found five overarching trends common to the three locations: in non-unionized hotels, extremely low wages that are not sufficient to live on; serious health risks and high rates of injury; high rates of sexual harassment; difficulty organizing due to employer resistance and bad management practices; and a lack of adequate child care.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Labor Issues, Governance, Tourism, Sexual Violence, and Exploitation
- Political Geography:
- Canada, Asia, Caribbean, Dominican Republic, North America, and Thailand
50. Empowering Grassroots Women Through Transformational Partnerships in Agricultural Value Chains
- Author:
- Mark Vincent Aranas
- Publication Date:
- 09-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Gender Transformative and Responsible Agribusiness Investments in South East Asia (GRAISEA) programme works to promote women’s economic empowerment in agricultural value chains. The agricultural sector is heavily reliant on women workers, but these women do not have equal access to resources – only 12 percent of the three million landowners in Asia are women, for example. Together with the Institute for Social Enterprise for Asia and its partners, GRAISEA documented the stories of women who have been empowered by partnerships in the Philippines and Thailand. This case study tells their stories and presents a set of benchmarks for how transformational partnerships can be implemented in agricultural value chains.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Economic Inequality, Fishing, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- Asia and South East Asia