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2. Women’s empowerment in Tunisia: Impact Evaluation of the Project ‘AMAL: Supporting Women’s Transformative Leadership’ in Tunisia
- Author:
- Simone Lombardini
- Publication Date:
- 05-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2016/17, selected for review under the women’s empowerment thematic area. The evaluation took place in November 2016 in Tunisia, and intended to evaluate the success of the ‘AMAL: Supporting Women’s Transformative Leadership’ project in increasing women’s empowerment. The project ‘AMAL: Supporting Women’s Transformative Leadership’ is a multi-country programme operating in Morocco, Tunisia, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Yemen, with regional coordination from Lebanon. The results coming from this Effectiveness Review are not meant to be indicative of the overall impact of AMAL, but more a focused assessment for the Tunisia component. The AMAL project operating in Tunisia started in 2012, following the revolution of 2011, with the objective to increase women’s awareness of their political and socio-economic rights, and support women to play a more active role in the political and socio-economic life of their community and country.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, Gender Based Violence, and Feminism
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Tunisia
3. Resilience in Burkina Faso: Impact evaluation of the ‘Resilience, Food security and Nutrition’ project
- Author:
- Robert Fuller and Alexia Pretari
- Publication Date:
- 05-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Resilience, Food Security and Nutrition Project (Projet de Resilience, Securite Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle, PRSAN) was carried out in the North and Centre-North regions of Burkina Faso between 2013 and 2017 by Oxfam and Christian Aid, together with two implementing partners, the Alliance Technique d’Assistance au Developpement (ATAD) and the Office de Developpement des Eglises Evangeliques (ODE). The project was aimed at enabling particularly vulnerable households to increase their resilience and improve their food security and nutritional situation. Project activities included supporting households in crop production, market gardening, processing and household businesses, providing awareness-raising on good nutritional practices, carrying out community-level disaster assessments and establishing early-warning committees, and distributing livestock and cash transfers. The Effectiveness Review was aimed at evaluating the success of this project in enabling participants to build their resilience to shocks, stresses and uncertainty. This report is part of Oxfam’s Effectiveness Review Series.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Climate Change, Environment, Gender Issues, and Farming
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Burkina Faso
4. Civil society-led Emergency Preparedness for Women with Disabilities in Gaza
- Author:
- Richard Chilvers, Noor Abu Kwaik, and Annabel Morrissey
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Gaza has long been a place of desperate need, with huge challenges in all areas of civic life. Devastating escalations in violence not only destroy lives and infrastructure, but also hope and aspiration. In the midst of this, the most marginalized people are often ignored or forgotten. As part of the Within and Without the State programme, community researchers worked with women with disabilities to enable them to devise a plan for periods of crisis. This included strengthening emergency preparedness, coordinating assistance, ensuring shelters are disability-friendly and supporting long-term advocacy for women with disabilities.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, Women, and Disability
- Political Geography:
- Israel, Palestine, and Gaza
5. Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Case Study of Pakistan
- Author:
- Steph Avis, Uzma Batool, Eliza Hilton, and Irnum Malik
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This case study describes implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice. The project, supported by ECHO Enhanced Response Capacity and Oxfam, was implemented by Oxfam in Pakistan between September 2015 and March 2017.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Governance, Feminism, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and Middle East
6. An Economy that Works for Women: Achieving Women's Economic Empowerment in an Increasingly Unequal World
- Author:
- Rowan Harvey, Anam Parvez, and Francesca Rhodes
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Women’s economic empowerment could reduce poverty for everyone. In order to achieve it, we need to first fix the current broken economic model which is undermining gender equality and causing extreme economic inequality. The neoliberal model has made it harder for women to have better quality and better paid jobs, address inequality in unpaid care work, and women’s influence and decision making power is constrained. To achieve women’s economic empowerment, we need a human economy that works for women and men alike, and for everyone, not just the richest 1%.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Labor Issues, Discrimination, and Femininity
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
7. Legislative Wins, Broken Promises: Gaps in implementation of laws on violence against women and girls
- Author:
- Christine Hughes
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This multi-country research report examines the problem of implementation gaps – government failures to fulfill their legislative obligations to address and prevent violence against women and girls. It presents a comparative analysis of shortfalls between government commitments as laid out in laws, and the realities for survivors of violence as they try to access services and justice. Drawing also on positive examples, lessons are shared about what can be done to improve the implementation of laws, and how civil society organizations can more effectively hold governments to account, so that laws can have a greater impact on ending violence against women and girls.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, Governance, and Gender Based Violence
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
8. Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Case study of Dominican Republic
- Author:
- Zobeyda Cepeda and Eliza Hilton
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This case study describes implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Governance, Bureaucracy, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Caribbean, Dominican Republic, and North America
9. Consolidated Gender Analysis for Disaster Response in Pakistan
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Pakistan is highly vulnerable to disasters, but disasters have very different impacts on women, girls, men and boys. Moreover, organizations involved in relief efforts are currently not paying sufficient attention to the needs of women and girls. This analysis by Oxfam identifies the main areas where a gender gap is apparent, and puts forward recommendations for addressing these issues.
- Topic:
- Disaster Relief, Gender Issues, Children, and Disaster Management
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and Middle East
10. Training Manual: Gender leadership in humanitarian action
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Gender interacts with multiple factors including but not limited to age, ethnicity, disability, caste, class, religion and environment, to determine an individual’s ability to be aware of, lay claim to, and access their rights and entitlements. In times of crisis ‘ whether slow or sudden onset, climate or conflict driven ‘ there are shifts in how these factors interact that present opportunities and risks for women, girls, men and boys in accessing their rights, in the short, medium and longer term. Humanitarian (and development) actors need to be sensitive to these risks and opportunities. The purpose of this training manual is to support the institutionalization of gender equality and women’s rights in all humanitarian action. It was developed by Oxfam to support the implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice in the Humanitarian System, supported by the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO) during 2015 to 2017. The aim of this initial training is to develop a critical mass of committed gender leaders ‘ some might call these ‘change agents’ or ‘change-makers’ ‘ who can together influence changes in policy and practice at different levels across the humanitarian system.
- Topic:
- Environment, Gender Issues, Minorities, Crisis Management, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe
11. Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Case study of Ethiopia
- Author:
- Steph Avis, Eliza Hilton, and Ankets Petros
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This case study describes implementation of the project Institutionalizing Gender in Emergencies: Bridging Policy and Practice.
- Topic:
- Development, Gender Issues, Institutionalism, and Risk
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Ethiopia
12. Women’s Empowerment in Armenia: Impact Evaluation of the Women’s Economic Empowerment Project in Rural Communities in Vayots Dzor region
- Author:
- Simone Lombardini
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2015/16, selected for review under the women’s empowerment thematic area. The evaluation took place in November 2015 in Vayots Dzor region – Armenia. It intended to evaluate the success of the ‘Women’s economic empowerment in rural communities of Vayots Dzor region’ project in achieving its objectives: increasing household income (by promoting agriculture/horticulture and agribusiness) and promoting women’s economic empowerment.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Economic Growth, Feminism, and Rural
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Armenia, and West Asia
13. Joint NGO Briefing: Brussels Syria Conference
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Today more than ever, the international community must share responsibility and stand firmly in support of Syria’s civilian population. It is clear however that the aid response, as vital as it is, will only go so far and cannot fully address the needs of Syrian communities to be free from violence and the violations of international human rights (IHRL) and humanitarian law (IHL) that characterize the conflict. In this briefing, Oxfam joins with a variety of agencies and coordination fora to call on all members of the international community, in particular permanent members of the UN Security Council and the EU and EU member states who are discussing post-agreement planning, to insist on the full implementation of relevant UN Security Council resolutions on Syria that relate to respect for IHL and IHRL, as well as implementation of the Geneva Communique of 2012. The Brussels conference should also set the foundation for inclusive and meaningful participation of Syrian NGOs and civil society, including youth and women’s groups, as key partners in ensuring effective post-agreement planning that captures the needs and desires of the people of Syria and supports local community rebuilding and resilience.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, European Union, NGOs, Local, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Middle East, and Syria
14. A Resilient Present and Future are Possible
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Asia is exposed and vulnerable to a wide range of natural and manmade hazards. In many respects, it is the global epicenter for disasters. Its location makes it prone to destructive hazards that are exacerbated by climate change, leading to an increasing number of cyclones, sea level rises, severe drought, and other extreme climate effects. This vulnerability is compounded by poverty. The majority of the world’s poorest people today live in Asia, thus protection and recovery from these disasters remain difficult. In Asia, Oxfam continues to work with partners and vulnerable communities to promote resilience against existing risks and new risks from natural and human induced disasters that impact disadvantaged poor people in Asia. This map provides an overview of the extensive work in 11 countries in Asia and features different kinds of approaches towards building resilience: small holder agriculture and enterprises; water resilience; urban resilience; natural resource management; working with the private sector to build resilience; and climate finance and gender justice, among others.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Climate Change, Disaster Relief, Gender Issues, and Water
- Political Geography:
- Asia
15. Governance in Tajikistan: Evaluation of the Women Smallholder Farmer Advocacy Campaign
- Author:
- Clay Westrope
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2015/16, randomly selected for review under the good governance thematic area. This report documents the findings of a qualitative impact evaluation, carried out in May 2016. The evaluation used process tracing to assess the effectiveness of the GROW campaign in Tajikistan. In an effort to complement agricultural value chain programming implemented by a variety of organisations in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, Oxfam GB (OGB) integrated aspects of its global advocacy campaign, GROW. The GROW campaign takes a multi-pronged approach to the multi-faceted issue of global food insecurity by focusing on a diversity of causes, including climate change, land reform issues, industrial farming, and private sector policies. In Tajikistan, the campaign team selected contextually relevant key issues to guide its advocacy activities, including climate change, land reform, and water availability with a focus on women smallholder farmers as the key agricultural producers. OGB did this through trainings, workshops, round tables, and highly visual events integrated with previous and currently existing programming. In Tajikistan, the GROW Campaign was implemented in a distinctive way by leveraging synergies between previous, existing, and future programming both directly and tangentially related to the main themes of the campaign. Rather than serving as a standalone campaign, GROW served as a platform from which to promote, influence, and advocate on issues through related projects being implemented on the ground.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Governance, Feminism, Rural, Farming, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- Central Asia, Asia, and Tajikistan
16. Finance for a Fruitful Future: Dutch Aid for Agriculture 2005-2015
- Author:
- Hugo Hooijer and Madelon Meijer
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Dutch oofficial development assistance (ODA) for agriculture has been on the rise in the last five years. However, it remains unclear whether Dutch ODA expenditures on agriculture are reaching female smallholder farmers. Empowering smallholders, especially women, is a proven solution for reducing hunger and poverty. This is particularly true of the rural poor, who are the worst affected by the impacts of climate change. This paper calls on the Dutch government to combine a strong ODA budget for agriculture with a solid strategy for resolving hunger by 2030, to scale up climate finance for adaptations in the agricultural sector, and to supply improved data on the impact of agricultural investments for each target group and gender.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Poverty, Sustainable Development Goals, and Farming
- Political Geography:
- Africa
17. Working in Partnership With Others: Facilitating Changes in Livelihoods in Rwanda
- Author:
- Ian Goodrich
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The programme has four main objectives: Employment and value chain development. Enhancing the enabling environment for agricultural markets and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Strengthening citizen participation in government decision making related to the agriculture sector. Strengthening women’s economic leadership. This document focuses on these areas and how the programme has addressed the government’s ban on the use of plastic bags, which created an obstacle for small-scale producers.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Development, Gender Issues, Governance, Leadership, Participation, and Value Chains
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Rwanda
18. DRR and CCA in the Philippines: Promoting Women’s Participation and Leadership
- Author:
- Rhoda Avila, Sarah Barakat, Ana Maria Caspe, and Dante Dalabajan
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Oxfam’s climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) programme in the Philippines focuses on conflict-prone and climate change-sensitive areas, as well as areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan in Mindanao. The programme aims to help poor women, men and their communities become more resilient to the impacts of climate change. This includes enhancing their well-being and emotional resilience to the shocks, stresses and uncertainties of everyday life. The programme hopes to achieve this by helping community members and local and national government to prepare for disasters, and by encouraging government to secure investment and support from the private sector.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Women, Leadership, and Participation
- Political Geography:
- Philippines and Oceania
19. Community Protection Structures: Influencing for Local-Level Change in Conflict Settings in the DRC
- Author:
- Sarah Barakat and Melanie Kesmaecker-Wissing
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Using learning from protection programming in Colombia, Oxfam has been implementing its community protection programme in the DRC since 2006. It aims to help individuals prevent, and respond to, violence and abuse, while also holding duty-bearers to account for the protection of civilian populations. The programme uses a community-based approach that involves building Community Protection Structures (CPSs). Supported by Oxfam and partners, these are designed to identify the main threats faced by communities and find the best way of addressing them, while engaging with local authorities. The programme seeks to address power imbalances, between men and women and also between rights holders and duty-bearers. Its core premise is that communication among community members, and between them and local authorities, is key in order to find pragmatic ways to uphold people’s rights while also holding authorities to account. This communication must be informed by a shared understanding of human rights.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Civil Rights, Community, and Protected People
- Political Geography:
- Democratic Republic of Congo
20. Tourism’s Dirty Secret: The exploitation of hotel housekeepers
- Author:
- Diana Sarosi
- Publication Date:
- 10-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Tourism is booming and generates millions of jobs for women around the world. Yet the hotel industry exemplifies the vast inequality of today’s world. The women who make hotel beds and clean hotel toilets labour long hours for meagre pay, face sexual harassment and intimidation, are exposed daily to toxic chemicals and live in fear of arbitrary dismissal. Meanwhile, the top-earning hotel CEOs can earn more in an hour than some housekeepers do in a year. Such systematic exploitation is not inevitable. The hotel industry, consumers and governments must all be part of the solution to end the economic exploitation of women. This report examines the working lives of housekeepers in Toronto, Canada, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic and Phuket, Thailand. In dozens of interviews with hotel housekeepers, representatives of workers’ organizations and hotel managers, Oxfam found five overarching trends common to the three locations: in non-unionized hotels, extremely low wages that are not sufficient to live on; serious health risks and high rates of injury; high rates of sexual harassment; difficulty organizing due to employer resistance and bad management practices; and a lack of adequate child care.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Labor Issues, Governance, Tourism, Sexual Violence, and Exploitation
- Political Geography:
- Canada, Asia, Caribbean, Dominican Republic, North America, and Thailand
21. Empowering Grassroots Women Through Transformational Partnerships in Agricultural Value Chains
- Author:
- Mark Vincent Aranas
- Publication Date:
- 09-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Gender Transformative and Responsible Agribusiness Investments in South East Asia (GRAISEA) programme works to promote women’s economic empowerment in agricultural value chains. The agricultural sector is heavily reliant on women workers, but these women do not have equal access to resources – only 12 percent of the three million landowners in Asia are women, for example. Together with the Institute for Social Enterprise for Asia and its partners, GRAISEA documented the stories of women who have been empowered by partnerships in the Philippines and Thailand. This case study tells their stories and presents a set of benchmarks for how transformational partnerships can be implemented in agricultural value chains.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Economic Inequality, Fishing, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- Asia and South East Asia
22. Why is Women’s Work Low-Paid? Establishing a framework for understanding the causes of low pay among professions traditionally dominated by women
- Author:
- Jill Rubery
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This discussion paper was commissioned by Oxfam’s UK Programme to understand why certain occupations in the UK labour market, traditionally dominated by women, are low-paid. The paper argues that jobs associated with traditional and outdated notions of ‘women’s role in the home’ extends into the jobs market. This affects attitudes towards remuneration in professions such as cleaning and caring. The paper sets out a framework for understanding the risks of low pay and to explore the issue of the undervaluing of low-paid jobs with respect primarily to women. The author calls these the five ‘V’s: visibility, valuation, vocation, value-added and variance, and sets out a possible series of policy responses.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Poverty, Labor Issues, Inequality, Income Inequality, and Labor Rights
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom and Europe
23. Cash Cropping and Care: How Cash Crop Development is Changing Gender Relations and Unpaid Care Work in Oromia, Ethiopia
- Author:
- Franziska Mager, Martin Walsh, and Fiona Remnant
- Publication Date:
- 12-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world and prone to both natural and man-made disasters. More than three-quarters of the population live in rural areas and depend on agriculture. Women are particularly vulnerable, lacking access to and control over land and other resources, and facing harmful social norms. Oxfam has worked in Ethiopia for many years, including on interventions to support smallholder production and marketing and to promote women’s economic empowerment. One of these was the Coffee Value Chain project, in Oromia regional state, and the subject of this report. The report examines quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the project, and its findings underline the importance of understanding the wider context in which gender and care relations are both reproduced and negotiated.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Poverty, Economic Inequality, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- Kenya and Africa
24. From the Ground Up: Gender and conflict analysis in Yemen
- Author:
- Wolfgang Gressmann
- Publication Date:
- 10-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Conflicts and humanitarian crises affect men, women, girls, and boys differently due to their different societal roles and the deep-rooted socio-cultural and economic inequalities which become exacerbated during crises. Men and boys form the vast majority of direct victims of armed conflict and associated impacts like forced recruitment or arbitrary detention. Women bear the burdens of running the households under extreme stress and are often exposed to different forms of gender-based violence. During emergencies, women and girls become more vulnerable as basic services collapse and livelihoods diminish. In order to better understand the impact of armed conflict on men, women, boys, and girls, and the changes that have resulted in gender roles and relationships at household and community levels since the onset of conflict in March 2015, Oxfam, CARE and GenCap in Yemen collaborated to collect and analyse available data to further inform immediate humanitarian response as well as longer-term programming in Yemen.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Gender Based Violence, Conflict, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Yemen, and Persian Gulf
25. Trash Talk: Turning Waste into Work in Jordan’s Za’atari Refugee Camp
- Author:
- Soman Moodley
- Publication Date:
- 08-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Syrian refugees have the capacity to provide key support for service delivery and the expertise to contribute to the expansion of new productive economic sectors. This paper highlights an innovative approach to solid waste management and income generation, and aims to promote further dialogue on the role that Syrians can play in the Jordanian economy.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Refugee Crisis, Displacement, Humanitarian Crisis, Community, and Empowerment
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Syria, and Jordan
26. Somali Solutions: Creating conditions for a gender-just peace
- Author:
- Siham Rayale, Ed Pomfret, and Deborah Wright
- Publication Date:
- 08-2015
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This report looks at Somali women's experiences with conflict, peace, violence, insecurity and state rebuilding. It uses an approach geared towards gender-just peace-building to understand the ways in which Somali women have fulfilled their role as agents of change, while navigating the challenges posed by women's exclusion from many forms of public life (government, civil society, universities, open markets etc). Interviews and focus groups have been used to illustrate diverse perspectives and to demonstrate that Somali women have always been principal agents of change and social transformation. The report's recommendations are an acknowledgement of the role Somali women have played throughout the course of Somali history, and continue to play today, in shaping the pathway towards greater participation for women across Somali regions, and the challenges they face in so doing.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Social Movement, Women, and Gender Based Violence
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Somalia
27. Implementing the PWDVA: Safeguarding women from domestic violence
- Author:
- Pooja Parvati
- Publication Date:
- 10-2015
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) is one of the most widespread, and yet the least recognized, human rights violations across the world. It can manifest in many forms, but the most common form experienced by women globally is physical violence inflicted by an intimate partner. Documenting this continues to be a challenge due to lack of reliable, timely datasets. In 2005, the government of India enacted the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), which came into force in 2006. Nine years later, progress in its implementation is insignificant as it remains plagued by challenges such as inadequate funds and human resources, poor coordination across implementing agencies and ineffective monitoring mechanisms. Addressing these would go a long way in strengthening the Act and making it effective. This also corresponds with the Indian government’s wholehearted commitment to ‘Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls’ by the year 2030 through its adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Human Rights, Gender Based Violence, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- India, Asia, and Global Focus
28. Women's Economic Leadership in Asia: A review of WEL programming
- Author:
- Bowman Kimberly
- Publication Date:
- 09-2014
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This report summarizes an internal review of Women‟s Economic Leadership (WEL) programming in Asia. Conducted by an internal MEL advisor in 2013–2014, the review draws upon project documentation, evaluation reports, site visits and staff and partner interviews to try and reflect how WEL programming is being implemented by Oxfam and partners in Asia. Part of a formative evaluation activity, the report aims to help gather and consolidate good practice, based on what Oxfam project teams and partners have learned through recent experience and evaluation. There are at least four distinct topics covered in this report that may be of specific interest to readers.
- Topic:
- Economics, Gender Issues, and Sociology
- Political Geography:
- Asia
29. Even it Up: Time to end extreme inequality
- Author:
- Emma Seery and Ana Arendar
- Publication Date:
- 10-2014
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Nthabiseng was born to a poor black family in Limpopo, a rural area in South Africa. On the same day, Pieter was born nearby in a rich suburb of Cape Town. Nthabiseng's mother had no formal schooling and her father is unemployed, whereas Pieter's parents both completed university education at Stellenbosch University and have well-paid jobs.
- Topic:
- Corruption, Economics, Gender Issues, and Social Stratification
- Political Geography:
- South Africa
30. Women and Inclusive Peace Building in Afghanistan
- Author:
- Babrak Osman
- Publication Date:
- 10-2014
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Afghanistan is one of four Oxfam country programmes delivering the Within and Without the State (WWS) programme, funded by DFID from 2011 to 2016 under the Conflict, Humanitarian and Security Programme Partnership Arrangement (CHASE PPA). WWS is piloting innovative approaches to working with civil society to promote more accountable governance in conflict-affected and fragile contexts.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Civil Society, Gender Issues, Peace Studies, War, and Youth Culture
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan and Central Asia
31. Inequality in South Africa: A two part document on the current understanding and dimensions of inequality in health, gender and livelihoods
- Author:
- Nicola Deghaye, Tamlyn McKenzie, and Petronella Chirawu
- Publication Date:
- 07-2014
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Recognising inequality is at the heart of the South African 'development problem', Oxfam commissioned the Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division (HEARD) to produce this report, which is divided into two parts, to enable an understanding of the dimensions of inequality in South Africa and to provide Oxfam with a set of basic measures against which it could measure its success in dealing with inequality.
- Topic:
- Security, Gender Issues, Health, and Food
- Political Geography:
- Africa and South Africa
32. A Mushrooming business: How Oxfam is facilitating development of the horticulture sector while improving the status of women in Rwanda
- Author:
- Sharad Eldon Mahajan and Laura Kigali
- Publication Date:
- 09-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- What change(s) was this approach intending to influence through its leverage strategy? Oxfam's livelihoods work in Rwanda focuses on women's economic leadership in the horticulture sector. In making women an integral part of the supply chain, we hope to bring about long - term societal change, both facilitating development of the horticulture sector and improving the status of women. We seek to do this by working with and through partners such as the government, private sector, micro finance institutions (MFIs), and civil society, to leverage large - scale change through evidence - based advocacy.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Civil Society, Development, Gender Issues, and Labor Issues
- Political Geography:
- Africa
33. What Works for Women: Proven approaches for empowering women smallholders and achieving food security
- Publication Date:
- 03-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- What changes do we need to empower women smallholders and achieve food security? This question has been asked repeatedly over the past several decades, but transformative changes in both public policy and practice have been few and far between. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), closing the „gender gap‟ in agriculture –or increasing women‟s contribution to food production and enterprise by providing equal access to resources and opportunities –could reduce the number of hungry people in the world by 12-17 per cent, or by 100 to 150 million people.
- Topic:
- Security, Agriculture, Gender Issues, Food, and Famine
- Political Geography:
- United Nations
34. Putting Women's Rights into the Arms Trade Treaty
- Author:
- Chitra Nagarajan and Caroline Green
- Publication Date:
- 07-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- According to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination of Women, “Wars, armed conflicts and the occupation of territories often lead to increased prostitution, trafficking in women and sexual assault of women, which require specific protective and punitive measures”.
- Topic:
- Arms Control and Proliferation, Gender Issues, Human Rights, and Treaties and Agreements
35. Ethiopia's Sesame Sector: The contribution of different farming models to poverty alleviation, climate resilience and women's empowerment
- Author:
- Genia Kostka and Jenny Scharrer
- Publication Date:
- 07-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The key findings of this report are that sesame is a suitable crop for poverty alleviation for smallholders in Benishangul Gumuz and that the smallholder model is competitive versus the large-scale investor model in terms of productivity. Farmers can achieve high profits without significant up-front investments. With minimal expenditure for sesame seeds and some simple equipment for ploughing, weeding and harvesting, farmers can cultivate sesame on a family labor basis. Potential income is higher in the smallholder model than from either communal land management, or from the salaries from large-scale investors (see Figure 1) However, this potential is mirrored by the highest risk for farmers to receive the lowest income. Smallholders can mitigate this risk as well as increase their income further through membership of primary production co-operatives that offer higher sales prices and paid-out dividends.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Poverty, and Food
- Political Geography:
- Ethiopia
36. Climate Change and Women Farmers in Burkina Faso: Impact and adaptation policies and practices
- Author:
- Ana Mª Romero González, Adama Belemvire, and Saya Saulière
- Publication Date:
- 07-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Burkina Faso's geographical situation makes it particularly vulnerable to climate change. As a country in the Sahel in the heart of western Africa, Burkina Faso suffers an extreme, variable climate: the same area can be affected by both flooding and drought within only a few months. The economy of this largely rural country is essentially based on agriculture and stockbreeding. According to various predictions, climate change will have an impact on agricultural production and food security, and will therefore affect inhabitants of rural areas, especially those who are most vulnerable, such as women.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Climate Change, Development, and Gender Issues
- Political Geography:
- Africa
37. Governing Climate Funds: What will work for women?
- Author:
- Sonia Lowman and Elizabeth Arend
- Publication Date:
- 09-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- As the international community mobilizes in response to global climatic changes, climate funds must ensure the equitable and effective allocation of funds for the world's most vulnerable populations. Women and girls, disproportionately vulnerable to negative climate change impacts in developing countries, have largely been excluded from climate change finance policies and programmes. This report examines four funds -climate funds and non-climate funds, to draw out the lessons for gender integration in global finance mechanisms. Women and girls must not only be included in adaptive and mitigative activities, but also recognized as agents of change who are essential to the success of climate change interventions.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Development, Gender Issues, and Health
38. Investir dans l'agriculture au Burundi: Indispensable pour combattre l'insécurité alimentaire et améliorer les conditions de vie des femmes paysannes
- Author:
- Paula San Pedro
- Publication Date:
- 11-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- L'agriculture est vitale pour le Burundi. C' est le pilier de l'économie qui emploie 90 % de la population, fournit 95% de l'offre alim entaire, contribue à presque 35% du produit intérieur brut (PIB) et représente 90% des re cettes d'exportation grâce à la vente de café et de thé. 1 Néanmoins, le développement de ce secteur est fortement volatil car il dépend de conditions météorologiques très variabl es, de prix internationaux fluctuants et d'une stabilité politique très fragile.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Gender Issues, Political Economy, and Food
- Political Geography:
- Africa
39. Walking the Talk: Cash transfers and gender dynamics
- Author:
- Carol Brady
- Publication Date:
- 05-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Concern Worldwide (Concern) and Oxfam GB (Oxfam) jointly commissioned this report to look at the impacts of cash transfers (CTs) on gender dynamics both within households and communities. This report was commissioned because of the agencies' concerns that while CTs, now being used in many different emergency contexts, are expected to benefit women and contribute towards their empowerment, there was little evidence being collected to see whether this was in fact happening. The learning from this report will inform future gender sensitive CT programmes.
- Topic:
- Security, Economics, Gender Issues, and Food
- Political Geography:
- Kenya, Indonesia, and Zimbabwe
40. Exploring BME Maternal Poverty: The financial lives of ethnic minority mothers in Tyne and Wear
- Author:
- Chris Warburton Brown
- Publication Date:
- 01-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This report has grown out of Oxfam's commitment to tackling the poverty of black and minority ethnic (BME) women in the UK. It aims to improve our understanding of BME mothers' experiences of poverty, to address the way in which the poverty of BME mothers is hidden from conventional data collection, to raise awareness amongst policy-makers and practitioners of the material circumstances of low-income BME mothers, and to improve the ways in which poor BME women are supported to secure greater assets and resources.
- Topic:
- Economics, Gender Issues, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom and Europe
41. The Effects of Socialization on Gender Discrimination and Violence: A Case Study from Lebanon
- Author:
- Dr. Christine Sylva Hamieh and Dr. Jinan Usta
- Publication Date:
- 03-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Violence Against Women (VAW) is a major public-health and social problem which jeopardises women's development and abuses many of their basic human rights. Recent interventions to combat the problem have focused on including men – not as holders or perpetuators of privileges, but rather as potential and actual contributors to gender equality. These initiatives to include men in programmes to end VAW have achieved some success so far. Several studies in the Arab world have highlighted the importance of addressing VAW. However, of all gender-related issues it still receives the least recognition and acknowledgement from Arab states and policy makers. Instead, the struggle continues to be led by women's organisations fighting to remove all forms of discrimination against women.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Human Rights, and Sociology
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Arabia, and Lebanon
42. What does civil society at country level expect from the new UN women's agency?
- Publication Date:
- 02-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The foundation of UN Women provides a historic opportunity to transform the lives of women and girls. To deliver results, UN Women must target the most urgent issues for women and absorb the lessons of the past. As it becomes operational, UN Women should build these priorities and new approach into its structures and systems. This report focuses on the views of 100 selected civil society organisations (CSOs) working on women's issues on the ground. It aims to outline the key priorities for UN Women and to propose how the agency should proceed to deliver tangible progress at country level.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Gender Issues, Human Rights, and United Nations
43. The impact of the global financial crisis on women in Southeast Asia
- Author:
- Yada Praparpun
- Publication Date:
- 02-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This report analyses the impact of the current global economic crisis on women in five Southeast Asian countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. This research aims to provide up-to-date information and recommendations to policy makers in both the public and private sectors on how the economic crisis is affecting women workers in the aforementioned countries. The results of the research will be shared with civil society organizations, government agencies, regional and global institutions, academic institutions, trade unions, donor agencies, NGOs, and the media.
- Topic:
- Economics, Gender Issues, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Southeast Asia
44. Gender Perspectives on the Global Economic Crisis
- Author:
- Richard King and Caroline Sweetman
- Publication Date:
- 02-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The global economic crisis was sparked in the financial engine-houses of the world's economy in 2008. This is a story many of us in the developed world are now painfully familiar with. Less familiar, perhaps, are the ramifications for those among us who live in developing and transition countries. As global financial fire fighting has concentrated on dousing the blazes in the developed world, many commentators argue that the initial flames have been put out and that green shoots of recovery are beginning to emerge across the charred financial landscape. However, unprecedented global integration means that the world's economies now have few remaining firebreaks. Though they took longer to ignite, many developing countries are still caught up in the inferno. With an extra 50 million women, men and children expected to have been pushed into extreme poverty by the end of 2009 as a direct result of the crisis, and with this number expected to rise to 89 million by the end of 2010, the developing world is being badly burned.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
45. Women's Poverty and Social Exclusion in the European Union at a Time of Recession: An Invisible Crisis?
- Publication Date:
- 03-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- In October 2009, Oxfam and the European Women's Lobby (EWL) commissioned research to explore and analyse the hidden impact of the current economic recession on women's poverty in EU countries. The research was conducted with EWL member organisations, and supplemented with other research and information available at the end of 2009.
- Topic:
- Economics, Gender Issues, Poverty, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe
46. Women and Men in Yemen: Statistical Portrait 2007
- Author:
- Abd Al-Karim Ismael Al-Arhabi
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Central Statistics Organization is glad to present its third Women and Men Report to those who are interested in gender statistics, as a continuation in the organization's endeavor to meet the need of all the different user categories.
- Topic:
- Economics and Gender Issues
- Political Geography:
- Yemen
47. A Gender Perspective on 21st Century Welfare Reform
- Author:
- Janet Veitch
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- This response to the Coalition Government's proposals on working age benefits and tax credits in its consultation paper, 21st-Century Welfare, takes a gender lens to the reforms. It is written in the context of Oxfam's work against poverty in the UK and its longstanding concern with the poverty and inequality of women. The response below follows the same structure as the consultation document.
- Topic:
- Development, Gender Issues, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom
48. Women and Men: Hand in Hand Against Violence Strategies and approaches of working with men and boys for ending violence against women
- Author:
- Ola Ataya
- Publication Date:
- 11-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Violence against women (VAW) hinders the realization of a wide range of development goals, from the elimination of poverty to the fulfillment of human rights. In Arab countries, many forms of VAW exist and are perpetuated by the deep-rooted sociocultural factors.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Human Rights, and United Nations
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and North Africa
49. In her own words: Iraqi women talk about their greatest concerns and challenges
- Publication Date:
- 03-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The plight of women in Iraq today has gone largely ignored, both within Iraqi society and by the international community. For more than five years, headlines have been dominated by political and social turmoil, the chaos of conflict and widespread violence. This has overshadowed the abysmal state of the civilian population's day-to-day lives, a result of that very turmoil and violence.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Human Rights, and War
- Political Geography:
- Iraq, Middle East, and Arabia
50. Paying the Price for the Economic Crisis
- Author:
- Bethan Emmett
- Publication Date:
- 03-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- New research by Oxfam International uncovers a hidden aspect of the global economic crisis – its impact on women workers in developing countries. Preliminary findings from Oxfam's research with women in global supply chains shows that the crisis is having a devastating impact on their livelihoods, their rights, and their families. Women are often first to be laid off, with employers leaving pay outstanding and evading legal obligations to give notice and pay compensation, and governments turning a blind eye, with devastating knock-on effects. Last year, women's wages were putting food on the table and children through school in millions of families. Now, the lives of women who were already suffering from poor labour conditions have become even more precarious.
- Topic:
- Economics, Gender Issues, Globalization, Political Economy, and Labor Issues
51. Responding to climate change in Vietnam: Opportunities for improving gender equality
- Publication Date:
- 12-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Vietnam is among the countries worst affected by the adverse effects of climate change, especially in coastal and low-land regions. Already an average of one million Vietnamese are affected annually by disasters including flooding in the Mekong Delta region. Serious droughts also affect the central coast region, Mekong Delta and mountainous areas. Climate change is recognized by the Government of Viet Nam as a major challenge, and the National Target Programme to Respond to Climate Change (NTP-RCC) was approved in December 2008.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Development, Environment, and Gender Issues
- Political Geography:
- Vietnam and Southeast Asia