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50121. Efectividad de la Política Tributaria en Paraguay

Author:
Walter A. Zárate
Publication Date:
01-2010
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
Este estudio fue preparado en el marco del proyecto Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP), con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). En el presente material, se pretende verificar las implicancias potenciales de las reformas tributarias llevadas a cabo en el Paraguay con especial énfasis en la segunda, implementada en el año 2004. Algunos aspectos relativos a la administración tributaria también serán abordados considerando las dos fases de la reforma: la administrativa y la de adecuación fiscal.
Topic:
Development, Reform, Budget, Tax Systems, and Fiscal Policy
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

50122. Gasto Social en Paraguay: una mirada detallada al periodo 2002/2010

Author:
Stella Guillén
Publication Date:
12-2010
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
El Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del CADEP, culminó la realización de un análisis sobre el Gasto Social en Paraguay, en áreas como salud, educación, vivienda y seguridad social. El material tomó 8 años como período de estudio, de 2002 a 2010 y contó con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). El mismo recoge varias conclusiones, entre ellas, el incremento de la inversión social del Estado en los años de estudio. No obstante, se muestra que tales montos están alejados de los niveles observados en otros países de la región. Además, se evidenció la baja ejecución de los recursos asignados. Se menciona que la utilización más eficiente de los recursos públicos, aumentará el impacto del gasto social. Desde la perspectiva del desarrollo humano sostenible, sostienen, el gasto que realiza el Estado en la gente, puede ser considerado como una inversión rentable porque favorece las oportunidades para el desarrollo y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las personas.
Topic:
Development, Education, Health, Social Security, Housing, and Social Spending
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

50123. Monitoreo Fiscal Nº1- Primer Semestre 2010

Author:
Julio Ramírez, Stella Guillén, and Fernando Ovando
Publication Date:
08-2010
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
El Monitoreo Fiscal es preparado en el marco del proyecto Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP), con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). En el se puede observar la evolución de los principales ingresos de la Administración Central, tanto tributarios como no tributarios. Además se puede observar la ejecución de las entidades de la Administración Central y Descentralizada, y el gasto social. En las siguientes secciones del material se aprecia el estado de la Deuda Pública Externa y las Transferencias de Royalties y Compensaciones a los Gobiernos locales. Finalmente, se presenta un resumen de las principales noticias sobre las finanzas públicas tanto a nivel nacional como regional.
Topic:
Budget, Fiscal Policy, Public Debt, and Social Spending
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

50124. El Presupuesto y el Gasto Público en Paraguay: aportes para un mejor entendimiento 2000 – 2009

Author:
Walter A. Zárate
Publication Date:
12-2010
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
Los Estudios sobre Finanzas Públicas son preparados en el marco del proyecto Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP), con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID).
Topic:
Governance, Economy, Fiscal Policy, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

50125. Calypso's Cosmopolitan Strategy: Race, Nation, and Global Culture in Postwar Canada

Author:
Michael Eldridge
Publication Date:
06-2010
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute on Globalization and the Human Condition, McMaster University
Abstract:
What I mean to do in this essay, then, is trace calypso’s trajectory across the historically porous U.S-Canada border, in order to take fuller measure of its international ambitions in the mid- twentieth century. In the process, I hope to shine a light on West Indian influence over the layout of the Canadian mosaic and the logic of Canadian multiculturalism, well before that word became a catchphrase of government policy and part of the mythology of Canadian identity. But I also want to puzzle out what Canadians’ embrace of calypso during this same period signified. That, more than anything, will help us understand what sort of symbolic work calypso was doing in the True North. Canadians, of course, are famously, chronically anxious to distinguish themselves from Americans, and so I’ll concede from the start that calypso per se may have played a less direct role in calming nerves about race and national identity north of Niagara than it did in the U.S. I want to argue nevertheless that the full story of calypso in Canada still involves considerable tension over those fraught topics. And so the more significant distinction to draw, I think, is that the Canadian jitters sprang from a very different set of demographics, as well as from a rather different relationship to the history of British Empire and Commonwealth, than their American counterparts. Before we evaluate Caresser’s job performance as Canada’s hired projectionist, then, we would do well to review some of the salient facts.
Topic:
Nationalism, Race, Culture, and Multiculturalism
Political Geography:
Canada and North America

50126. How Did a Domestic Housing Slump Turn into a Global Financial Crisis?

Author:
Steven B. Kamin and Laurie Pounder DeMarco
Publication Date:
01-2010
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Abstract:
The global financial crisis clearly started with problems in the U.S. subprime sector and spread across the world from there. But was the direct exposure of foreigners to the U.S. financial system a key driver of the crisis, or did other factors account for its rapid contagion across the world? To answer this question, we assessed whether countries that held large amounts of U.S. mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and were highly dependent on dollar funding experienced a greater degree of financial distress during the crisis. We found little evidence of such “direct contagion” from the United States to abroad. Although CDS spreads generally rose higher and bank stocks generally fell lower in countries with more exposure to U.S. MBS and greater dollar funding needs, these correlations were not robust, and they fail to explain the lion’s share of the deterioration in asset prices that took place during the crisis. Accordingly, channels of “indirect contagion” may have played a more important role in the global spread of the crisis: a generalized run on global financial institutions, given the opacity of their balance sheets; excessive dependence on short-term funding; vicious cycles of mark-to-market losses driving fire sales of MBS; the realization that financial firms around the world were pursuing similar (flawed) business models; and global swings in risk aversion. The U.S. subprime crisis, rather than being a fundamental driver of the global crisis, may have been merely a trigger for a global bank run and for disillusionment with a risky business model that already had spread around the world.
Topic:
Financial Crisis, Global Financial Crisis, and Housing
Political Geography:
United States and North America

50127. Interest on Excess Reserves as a Monetary Policy Instrument: The Experience of Foreign Central Banks

Author:
David Bowman, Etienne Gagnon, and Mike Leahy
Publication Date:
03-2010
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Abstract:
This paper reviews the experience of eight major foreign central banks with policy interest rates comparable to the interest rate on excess reserves paid by the Federal Reserve. We pursue two main lines of inquiry: 1) To what extent have these policy interest rates been lower bounds for short-term market rates, and 2) to what extent has tightening that included increasing these policy rates been achieved without reliance on reductions in reserves or other deposits held at the central bank? The foreign experience suggests that policy rate floors can be effective lower bounds for market rates, although incomplete access to central bank accounts and interest on them weakens this result. In addition, the foreign experience suggests that tightening by increasing the interest rate paid on central bank balances can help reduce or eliminate the need to drain balances. These results are consistent with theoretical results that show that tightening without draining is possible, irrespective of whether excess reserves are large or small.
Topic:
Markets, Interest Rates, Central Bank, and Fiscal Policy
Political Geography:
Global Focus

50128. Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy

Author:
Steven B. Kamin
Publication Date:
06-2010
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Abstract:
This paper reviews the available evidence and previous research on potential effects of financial globalization, that is, the international integration of financial markets. In particular, we address the questions: Has financial globalization materially increased the influence of external developments on domestic monetary conditions? And, has it reduced the influence of central banks over financial and economic conditions in their own country? We find that central banks with floating currencies retain the ability to independently determine short-term interest rates and thus influence broader financial conditions and macroeconomic performance in their economies. However, domestic financial conditions appear to have become more vulnerable to a wide range of external shocks, complicating the task of making appropriate monetary policy decisions. Moreover, the financial crisis has highlighted the importance of cross-border channels for the transmission of liquidity and credit shocks. With financial transactions increasingly being undertaken in vehicle currencies such as dollars and euros, the liquidity provision and the lender-of-last resort functions of many central banks are being challenged. Accordingly, international arrangements for liquidity provision may become increasingly important in the future.
Topic:
Economics, Globalization, International Cooperation, Monetary Policy, and Interest Rates
Political Geography:
Global Focus

50129. Women Count: Security Council Resolution 1325: Civil Society Monitoring Report

Author:
Annalise Moser
Publication Date:
10-2010
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP)
Abstract:
When in March 2000, the Security Council expressed for the first time in its history the conceptual acceptance that peace is inextricably linked with equality between women and men and affirmed that the equal access and full participation of women in power structures and their full involvement in all efforts for peace and security, the international community was charged with expectation. It was welcomed by one and all with considerable enthusiasm hoping that there would be progress in paying attention and respect to the unrecognized, under-utilized and under-valued contribution by women to preventing war and to building peace. During ten years since its adoption, we have seen a tremendous enthusiasm among civil society at all levels in raising awareness, engaging in advocacy and building capacity for the meaningful implementation of 1325. The present Civil Society Monitoring Report by the Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP) and its partners being launched on the occasion of the 1325 tenth anniversary is a remarkable example of such a civil society engagement.
Topic:
Conflict Prevention, Civil Society, Gender Issues, United Nations, Peacekeeping, Women, Peace, and WPS
Political Geography:
Global Focus

50130. Violence and Memory in the Andes: The Case of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Peru

Author:
Felix Reategui-Carrillo
Publication Date:
02-2010
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
The main focus of my presentation will be the experience of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Peru, which worked for 26 months, from 2001 until 2003, in order to investigate the period of armed struggle and terrorism undergone by my country during the 1980s and the 1990s. It might be useful to mention that the decision to create a truth commission in Peru during those years, as well as the methods and purposes of this commission’s work, were closely related to the field that is now widely known as ‘transitional justice’. Working under the assumption that past wrongdoings cannot simply fall into oblivion, because victims always remember, and that the building of strong and sustainable democracies demands some action against impunity and a significant degree of satisfaction to the victims, many societies around the world have embarked for the past few decades in the recovering of truth and the delivering of justice, which includes criminal trials and reparations for the victims. Among the ideas related to the process of dealing with the past, the notion of reconciliation is possibly one of the most problematic since it admits a wide variety of definitions. Some of these are related to forgiveness of serious crimes for the sake of peace and of bringing together mutually aggrieved parties, while some emphatically demand the realization of justice as a previous step to any kind of societal understanding.
Topic:
Conflict Resolution, Transitional Justice, and Truth
Political Geography:
Peru