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2. Russian Forward Military Basing in Armenia and Moscow’s Infl uence in the South Caucasus
- Author:
- Can Kasapoglu
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- In military history, bastions were defensive strongholds, mostly with a pentagonal outline, which off ered perfect combat emplacements for crossfi re. Th ereby, they off ered excellent advantages to defenders and enabled counter-balancing capabilities against besiegers’ artilleries. Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, a famous French military engineer, Marshal of France (mid-17th to early 18th centuries), and a master of the bastion system along with other fortifi cations, even designed ‘bastioned towers’ to protect main walls by fl anking enemy fi re.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
3. The Western Balkans and the Revenge of History
- Author:
- Ian Hope
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- Th e Warsaw Summit affi rmed Alliance interest in and commitment to many geographic regions and nations, without stating priorities. Th e Western Balkans drew attention, with Serbia, Kosovo and Montenegro receiving specifi c mention in the Summit Communiqué.2 However, the Summit promoted a continuance of current NATO activity in this region, not a shift or amelioration. Implicit in this is that the status quo, a small NATO force in Kosovo to enhance security and several liaison offi ces to monitor partnership activity and the application of the Membership Action Plan in the other Western Balkans states, is suffi cient. Th is paper will argue that such eff orts are too small and disjointed to meet the growing challenges in the region, especially given NATO’s obligation to confl ict prevention in the wake of its signifi cant and successful interventions there in 1996 and 1999.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
4. NATO in the Black Sea: What to Expect Next?
- Author:
- Zviad Adzinbaia
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- Black Sea security directly impacts the economic development, peace and stability of the Euro-Atlantic theater. NATO and the EU, as well as their members and partners, have immense interests in ensuring a secure and prosperous environment in the Black Sea, advancing trade relations through the East-West corridor, and further promoting the notion of a Europe “whole, free and at peace.”
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
5. Trust (in) NATO Th e future of intelligence sharing within the Alliance
- Author:
- Jan Ballast
- Publication Date:
- 09-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- On 21 October 2016, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) appointed its fi rst Assistant Secretary General for Intelligence and Security (ASG-I&S), Dr. Arndt Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven.2 His appointment was the result of a meeting of the North Atlantic Council (NAC) on 8-9 July 2016 in Warsaw, where the Heads of State and Government stated the requirement to strengthen intelligence within NATO.3 In doing so, the Alliance underlined that improved cooperation on intelligence would increase early warning, force protection and general resilience.4
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
6. The Evolution of the Hybrid Threat, and Resilience as a Countermeasure
- Author:
- Uwe Hartmann
- Publication Date:
- 09-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- The year 2014 marks a strategic ‘inflection point’ in world history. To make sense of the new security challenges, NATO offi cials and member states’ governments have used the term ‘hybrid warfare,’2 although some scholars have criticized it as a buzzword lacking a clear defi nition. However, since hybrid warfare is rather more about exploiting the vulnerabilities of statecraft than about destroying armed forces, states have slightly diff erent understandings of it consistent with their own specifi c security challenges. Consequently, for scientifi c research, as well as for security organizations such as NATO, finding a common definition is not easy and probably not useful.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
7. Winning Peace and Exporting Stability: Colombia as NATO’s next Global Partner?
- Author:
- Robert Helbig and Guillaume Lasconjarias
- Publication Date:
- 05-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- Is Colombia going to be NATO’s next global partner? In June 2013, the question was alreaady worthy of attention, when Colombia and NATO entered into an “Agreement on the Security of Information” that was signed between then-NATO Deputy Secretary General Ambassador Alexander Vershbow and Colombia’s Defence Minister Juan Carlos Pinzón. While the deal encompassed not much more than sharing intelligence in areas of common concern, the agreement surely was “a fi rst step for future cooperation in the security fi eld” and Ambassador Vershbow remarked that “Colombia’s expertise in enhancing integrity in the military is precisely the kind of substantive contribution that exemplifi es the added value of cooperation.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
8. The future of NATO and R2P Ten lessons in norm formation
- Author:
- Brooke Smith-Windsor
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- To this day, a visit to NATO’s offi cial website paints a glowing account of its 2011 military intervention in Libya under United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1973:2 Following the Gaddafi regime’s targeting of civilians in February 2011, NATO answered the United Nation’s (UN) call to the international community to protect the Libyan people … a coalition of NATO Allies and partners began enforcing an arms embargo, maintaining a no-fl y zone and protecting civilians and civilian populated areas from attack or the threat of attack under Operation Unifi ed Protector (OUP). OUP successfully concluded on 31 October 2011.3 While immediate operational goals may have been achieved, and urgent threats to lives in Benghazi and elsewhere averted, more than half a decade hence the post-intervention legacy is far from rosy. What followed the collapse of the Gaddafi regime in October 2011 is a Libya and neighbourhood still rife with instability and violence facing the spectre of widespread civil strife and even collapse
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus