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72. Reinvigorating European Elections: The Implications of Electing the European Commission
- Author:
- Julie Smith
- Publication Date:
- 05-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- Europe's voters go to the polls in mid-June to elect 732 Members of the European Parliament. In the past European Parliament (EP) elections have been characterized by low turnout, with an emphasis on national rather than European issues. The evidence suggests that this year's elections will be little different despite the enlargement of the Union on 1 May.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Political Economy, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Europe
73. EU Emissions Trading: Challenges and Implications of National Implementation
- Author:
- Jacqueline Karas and Fiona Mullins
- Publication Date:
- 11-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- Emissions trading is central to the European Union's (EU) strategy to meet its climate change commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. However, implementing the EU Directive on emissions trading ('the Directive') is proving extremely challenging for the governments involved. In particular, governments have to prepare National Allocation Plans (NAPs) for distributing emissions allowances to industry within a very tight timeframe. More than 12,000 industrial installations across the EU and accession countries will participate in the trading system.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Markets, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Europe
74. Angola's Future
- Publication Date:
- 11-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- Angola is no longer at war except in its Cabinda province. This report summarizes the British-Angola Forum 2003 conference which focused on whether there was a peace dividend and what the post-conflict priorities for reconstruction and development should be. The opportunities and challenges are many, but many speakers emphasized how slow post-conflict democratic change is. Key issues examined in the British-Angola Forum's 2002 conference were as pertinent as ever. The confrontation between transparency and sovereignty continues to resonate especially.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution and Development
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Europe
75. Integrating European Business
- Publication Date:
- 03-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- The first speaker considered the questions, 'What was expected from the internal market/ “1992” Programme?' and 'What is the single market?' The single market is the cornerstone of the EU, enshrined in Article 3 of the Treaty on European Union. It had not yet been completed but the Commission had argued, nevertheless, that EU GDP is 1.8% higher than it would have been without the single European market (SEM).
- Topic:
- International Trade and Finance and Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Europe
76. Toward a European Strategy for Iraq
- Author:
- Giacomo Luciani and Felix Neugart
- Publication Date:
- 03-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- The Iraq crisis has been a disaster for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU). Member countries are very visibly split in their position towards the war against the regime in Baghdad. EU institutions have been unable to agree on more than the unconditional implementation of the relevant United Nations resolutions leaving the door open for widely diverging interpretations. The challenge of the Iraq crisis does not bode well for the future of a cohesive European Foreign Policy, and the CFSP requires a fresh approach.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Foreign Policy, and War
- Political Geography:
- Iraq, Europe, Middle East, Arabia, and United Nations
77. Security of European Natural Gas Supplies
- Author:
- Jonathan Stern
- Publication Date:
- 07-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- Security of natural gas supplies has resurfaced on the European energy agenda because of concerns about an anticipated rapid increase in dependence on imports from non-European suppliers – from one-third to two-thirds of demand – over the next 20 years. On a national basis, European import dependence is already an established fact: nine out of 33 European countries are more than 95% dependent on imports; only five are self-sufficient or net exporters.
- Topic:
- Energy Policy, Industrial Policy, and Markets
- Political Geography:
- Europe
78. European Security And Defence Policy After Nice
- Author:
- Terry Terriff, Mark Webber, Stuart Croft, and Jolyon Howorth
- Publication Date:
- 04-2001
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- The Nice Summit will best be remembered for the eponymous treaty, designed to make the necessary institutional reforms to allow the European Union to enlarge, but progress in the sphere of security and defence is no less significant. Following changes that began at St Malo in 1998, the EU member states demonstrated their willingness to share the security burden with the United States. However, this apparently positive move has been greeted with caution at best, hostility at worst in the US, where the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) is sometimes portrayed as a threat to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). What has enabled the EU to produce a common policy on security and defence after decades of failure? What are the prospects for ESDP? What are the implications for the Atlantic Alliance?
- Topic:
- Security and NATO
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe
79. Europe and the Mediterranean: The Barcelona Process Five Years On
- Author:
- George Joffé
- Publication Date:
- 08-2000
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- In November 1995, the European Union signed a wide-ranging declaration with the twelve littoral states of the South Mediterranean at the end of a major conference in Barcelona. The declaration outlined an agreed policy for future relations between the EU and its Mediterranean partners which sought to create a zone of shared stability, prosperity and peace. This policy is designed to condition relations throughout the Mediterranean on a new basis of partial economic integration and cooperation over mutual security issues, together with support for regional political, cultural and social development. It has extremely ambitious objectives and represents a new departure for the European Union, although the means proposed to achieve it have been modest. Now, almost five years after its inception, it is appropriate to consider to what degree it has begun to realize the objectives it set for itself, given the fact that they should be achieved by the year 2010.
- Topic:
- Security and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Europe, North Africa, and Barcelona
80. An Ever Larger Europe
- Author:
- Julie Smith
- Publication Date:
- 05-2000
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- Thirteen countries are currently seeking to join the European Union. Several more countries, including some Southeast European states that have already signed Stability and Association Agreements with the EU, not to mention some of the Caucasian and Central Asian members of the CIS, have also expressed a desire to be considered for membership at some point in the future. While those former Soviet states, with the possible exception of Moldova, are unlikely to join, the EU is committed to enlarging to the south and east.
- Topic:
- International Organization
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Moldova