Number of results to display per page
Search Results
42552. Editorial
- Author:
- Předseda Redakční rady
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- No abstract is available.
42553. Editorial
- Author:
- Předseda Redakční rady
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- No abstract is available.
42554. Preparing Special Operations Forces for the Future
- Author:
- Adm. William H. McRaven
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- How America's elite warriors are adapting to new battlefields and new challenges.
- Political Geography:
- America
42555. Toward an Integrated Joint Force
- Author:
- General Norton Schwartz, USAF (ret.)
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Today's complex global security environment requires a new kind of jointness.
- Topic:
- Security and Environment
42556. The Triad's Uncertain Future
- Author:
- Mark B. Schneider
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Strategic cuts and disarmament efforts have put American nuclear primacy in peril.
- Political Geography:
- America
42557. Ceding the Next Battlefield
- Author:
- Eric R. Sterner
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Space is increasingly critical to our security and prosperity. Yet America still needs a strategy to compete there.
- Topic:
- Security
- Political Geography:
- America
42558. Getting Serious About Cyberwarfare
- Author:
- Frank J. Cilluffo and J. Richard Knop
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- When it comes to cybersecurity, the United States is still at the starting line. It shouldn't be.
- Political Geography:
- United States
42559. Misreading the Muslim World
- Author:
- Jeffrey Gedmin
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Waging the battle of ideas requires an understanding of culture and an appreciation of values. Both are currently missing in U.S. outreach.
- Political Geography:
- United States
42560. Cold War Nuclear Redux
- Author:
- Jamie M. Fly and Evan D. Moore
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- President Obama has reverted to old thinking about arms control and nuclear security.
- Topic:
- Cold War
42561. Cruise Control in the War on Terror
- Author:
- Thomas Joscelyn
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Tactical successes and strategic failures typify the White House's approach to counterterrorism.
- Topic:
- War
42562. The Sorry State of U.S. Economic Statecraft
- Author:
- Andrew K. Davenport
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Currently, America isn't seriously using economic warfare against our enemies. Here's how we can.
- Topic:
- Economics
- Political Geography:
- United States and America
42563. A False Start With Russia
- Author:
- Herman Pirchner, Jr.
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Obama's vaunted "reset" with Russia rests on exceedingly shaky foundations.
- Political Geography:
- Russia
42564. Reading China Wrong
- Author:
- Michael Pillsbury
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- The misguided objective of "building trust" continues to warp Washington's policy toward Beijing.
- Political Geography:
- China, Washington, and Beijing
42565. Obama's European Failure
- Author:
- Luke Coffey
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- How the current Administration has abandoned its Continental allies-and why that's a mistake.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42566. The Cost of Misunderstanding Iran
- Author:
- Ilan Berman
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- The Obama administration's Iran policy is driven by dangerous misconceptions about the nature of the regime in Tehran.
- Political Geography:
- Iran and Tehran
42567. How Israel Thinks About Iran
- Author:
- Kenneth Katzman
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- From Yaakov Katz and Yoaz Hendel, an inside look at the coming conflict between Tehran and Jerusalem.
- Political Geography:
- Iran, Israel, Tehran, and Jerusalem
42568. World Upside Down
- Author:
- Elan Journo
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Peter Berkowitz explains how international law is being wielded as a weapon against Israel.
- Topic:
- International Law
- Political Geography:
- Israel
42569. A Spy's World
- Author:
- Malcolm Forbes
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- An elite peek into the post-9/11 counterterrorism effort, coutesy of Henry Crumpton.
42570. The Interpreter
- Author:
- Winfield Myers
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The Journal of International Security Affairs
- Institution:
- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
- Abstract:
- Bernard Lewis looks back at his lifelong love affair with the Muslim World.
42571. Coming to Terms with a Misinterpreted Past? Rethinking the Historical Antecedents of Germany's 1999 Citizenship Reform
- Author:
- Andreas Fahrmeir
- Publication Date:
- 04-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- The article contends that the significance attributed to the 1999 citizenship reform in Germany is closely linked to a particular reading of the history of German citizenship policies. This reading, which remained dominant until the 1990s, assigned a crucial role for Germany's exclusionary citizenship policies to the law of descent, which seemed to be deeply ingrained in successive German states policies and practices from the nineteenth century on. Arguing that recent historiography on citizenship has called attention to the significant degree of variation between periods of openness and closure, as well as highlighting restrictive naturalization policies as a key ingredient of ethnic closure, the author contends that this focus was misplaced. Accordingly, the disappointing effects of a law that focused on the automatic transmission of citizenship while paying less attention to making voluntary transition to citizenship easier are not particularly surprising.
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42572. Germany's Citizenship Policy in Comparative Perspective
- Author:
- Marc Morjé Howard
- Publication Date:
- 04-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- This article puts the 1999 German Nationality Act into a comparative European perspective. By applying a common measure of the relative restrictiveness or inclusiveness of a country's citizenship policy to the countries of the EU-15 at two different time periods, it provides an analysis of change both within and across countries. From this perspective, Germany has clearly moved "up" from having the single most restrictive law before the 1999 reform to a more moderate policy today. Yet Germany's major "liberalizing change" was also tempered by a significant "restrictive backlash." The German case therefore provides support for a broader theoretical argument about the potential for mobilized anti-immigrant public opinion to nullify the liberalization that often occurs within the realm of elite politics.
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
42573. A Bridge or Barrier to Incorporation? Germany's 1999 Citizenship Reform in Critical Perspective
- Author:
- Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos and Karen Schönwälder
- Publication Date:
- 04-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- This article probes the consequences of Germany's 1999 citizenship reform as it pertains to the incorporation of immigrants. We maintain that the law's principled rejection of dual citizenship and related stipulation that children born into German nationality via the law's revolutionary jus soli provision choose between their German citizenship or that of their non-German parents between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three is unfair, potentially unconstitutional, and likely unworkable in administrative terms. We also argue that the decline in naturalization rates in Germany since 2000 is due to a combination of legal, administrative, and symbolic barriers in the law, as well as a lack of incentives for naturalization for immigrants from European Union member states and other rich industrialized countries. We believe that progress in the area of incorporation will require a shift in outlooks on the part of German political elites, such that immigrants are seen as potential members of a diverse community of free and equal citizens rather than untrustworthy and threatening outsiders.
- Topic:
- Law
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
42574. "What Do You Expect? That We All Dance and Be Happy?" Second-Generation Immigrants and Germany's 1999 Citizenship Reform
- Author:
- Sandra Bucerius
- Publication Date:
- 04-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- Based on a five-year ethnography, this article looks at Germany's citizenship reform of 1999 from the perspective of a population that is often at the center of attention: second generation immigrant drug dealers. While the reform had the potential to make a significant difference for this group, with respect to both their legal status in the country and perception of Germany, the findings of this article show that the reform did not have such an impact. On the contrary, the reform seems to have had the opposite effect, alienating the young men even more from Germany by keeping citizenship out of reach for them. While some have argued that in the light of supranational citizenship norms and the discourse of citizenship rights as human rights, national citizenship becomes increasingly unimportant as new forms of post-national citizenship gradually emerge, this does not seem to hold true for the young men of this study.
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42575. Climate Policy Outcomes in Germany: Environmental Performance and Environmental Damage in Eleven Policy Areas
- Author:
- Roger Karapin
- Publication Date:
- 10-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- Germany has reduced its emissions of greenhouse gases more than almost any other industrialized democracy and is exceeding its ambitious Kyoto commitment. Hence, it is commonly portrayed as a climate-policy success story, but the situation is actually much more complex. Generalizing Germany's per-capita emissions to all countries or its emissions reductions to all industrialized democracies would still very likely produce more than a two-degree rise in global temperature. Moreover, analyzing the German country-case into eleven subcases shows that it is a mixture of relative successes and failures. This analysis leads to three main conclusions. First, high relative performance and high environmental damage can coexist. Second, we should see national cases in a differentiated way and not only in terms of their aggregate performances. Third, researchers on climate policies should more often begin with outcomes, work backward to policies, and be prepared for some surprises. Ironically, the most effective government interventions may not be explicit climate policies, such as the economic transformation of eastern Germany. Moreover, the lack of policy-making in certain areas may undercut progress made elsewhere, including unregulated increases in car travel, road freight, and electricity consumption. Research on climate and environmental policies should focus on somewhat different areas of government intervention and ask different questions.
- Topic:
- Economics
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42576. Evolution and Normalization: Historical Consciousness in Germany
- Author:
- Felix Philipp Lutz
- Publication Date:
- 10-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- German political culture has been undergoing gradual but significant changes since unification. Military engagements in combat missions, the introduction of a professional army, and a remarkable loss of recent historical knowledge mostly within the younger generations are hallmarks of the new millennium. Extensive education about the Holocaust is still prevalent and there is a strong continuity of attitudes and orientations toward the Nazi era and the Holocaust reaching back to the 1980s. Nevertheless, a lack of knowledge about history-not only the World War II period, but also about East and West Germany-in the age group of people under thirty is staggering. The fading away of the generation of victims who are the last ones to tell the story of persecution during the Holocaust and a parallel rise of new actors and technologies, present challenges to the educational system and the current political culture of Germany.
- Topic:
- War
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42577. Volatile Counter-Cosmopolitans: Explaining the Electoral Performance of Radical Right Parties in Poland and Eastern Germany
- Author:
- Lars Rensmann
- Publication Date:
- 10-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- Despite several breakthroughs that indicate radical right parties' significant electoral potential, they remain highly volatile players in both Poland and eastern Germany. This is puzzling because radical right competitors can benefit from favorable politico-cultural conditions shaped by postcommunist legacies. The electoral markets in Poland and the eastern German Länder show low levels of affective party identification and low levels of political trust in mainstream parties and government institutions. Most importantly, there is a sizeable, yet largely unrepresented segment of voters who share salient counter-cosmopolitan preferences. They point to a “silent counterrevolution“ against globalization and cosmopolitan value change that displays substantive affinities to radical right ideology. Offering a transborder regional comparison of the four most relevant radical right parties and their conditions for electoral mobilization in Poland and eastern Germany, this article argues that the radical right's crossnational volatility-and often underperformance-in elections is mainly caused by internal supply side factors. They range from organizational deficiencies, leadership issues, and internal feuds, to strategic failures and a lack of democratic responsiveness. In turn, the disequilibrium between counter-cosmopolitan demand and its political representation is likely to be reduced if radical right competitors become more effective agents of electoral mobilization-or new, better organized ones emerge.
- Topic:
- Globalization
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42578. Book Reviews
- Publication Date:
- 10-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- Abstract:James Cronin, George Ross, and James Shock, eds. What's Left of the Left: Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging Times (Durham: Duke University Press, 2011)Reviewed by Willy JouJames Bohman, Democracy across Borders: From Dêmos to Dêmoi (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2007)Reviewed by by Conrad KingRitter, Gerhard, The Price of German Unity. Reunification and the Crisis of the Welfare State, translated by Richard Deveson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)Reviewed by Joyce M. MushabenMichaela Hoenicke Moore, Know Your Enemy. The American Debate on Nazism, 1933-1945 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010)Reviewed by John BendixElena Mancini, Magnus Hirschfeld and the Quest for Sexual Freedom: A History of the First International Sexual Freedom Movement (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).Reviewed by Leila J. Rupp Paul Betts, Within Walls: Private Life in the German Democratic Republic (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)Reviewed by Charles S. Maier
- Political Geography:
- New York and Germany
42579. The Commemorative Ceremonies of the Expellees: Tag der Heimat and Volkstrauertag
- Author:
- Jeffrey Luppes
- Publication Date:
- 07-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- This article discusses the respective origins and developments of the German expellee organizations' chief days of commemoration, the Tag der Heimat and the Volkstrauertag, and investigates key elements of the commemorative ceremonies that take place on these occasions, in particular, their liturgical setups, thematic mottos, recitations of Totenehrungen, and the performance of "Ich hatt' einen Kameraden." Despite assertions that the expulsion has been insufficiently commemorated in the Federal Republic, and in spite of recent calls for a national day of remembrance to rectify this commemorative lacuna, this article shows how the expulsion has been memorialized on various levels for decades. Moreover, it argues that the expellee organizations' historical narratives have been one-sided and de-contextualized and sheds light on how the ceremonies bring these understandings of the past to life by highlighting German wartime suffering.
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42580. Corporeality As a Weapon: Siegmund Breibart's Embodiment of Muskeljudentum
- Author:
- Matthew J. Sherman
- Publication Date:
- 07-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- Ideations of corporeality are situated at the crux of "muscular Judaism" in early twentieth- century Europe. The sporting event was viewed as a battlefield for equalization. In the ideological context of Muskeljudentum, the apathy of Talmudjudentum (Talmudic Judaism) was replaced by exercise, in which the strengthening of the corporeal would rejuvenate the psychical. Jewish strongman Siegmund Breitbart capitalized on his masculine feats of strength and aesthetic appeal by creating public performances, which displayed not only militarized corporeality, but also provided a stage for the promotion of "muscular Judaism," through both symbolic and literal representations of Zionist ideology. Breitbart reappropriated masculine Jewish corporeality, embodied corporeal notions of reciprocity at the core of Muskeljudentum, and found individual agency through the militarized aesthetic and motion of his body.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42581. The Concept of "Normality" in German Foreign Policy since Unification
- Author:
- Hans Kundnani
- Publication Date:
- 07-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- In this paper I examine the use of the concept of "normality" in debates about German foreign policy since unification. In the early 1990s, left-wing intellectuals such as Jürgen Habermas tended to criticize the idea of "normality" in favor of a form of German exceptionalism based on responsibility for the Nazi past. A foreign policy based on the idea of "normality" was associated above all with the greater use of military force, which the right advocated and the left opposed. Thus, "normality" became a synonym for Bündnisfähigkeit. Yet, from the mid 1990s onwards, some Social Democrats such as Egon Bahr began to use the concept of "normality" to refer instead to a foreign policy based on sovereignty and the pursuit of national interests. Although a consensus has now emerged in Germany around this realist definition of foreign-policy "normality," it is inadequate to capture the complex shift in the foreign policy of the Federal Republic since unification.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42582. Book Reviews
- Publication Date:
- 07-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- Abstract:David Meskill, Optimizing the German Workforce: Labor Administration from Bismarck to the Economic Miracle (New York: Berghahn Books, 2010) Reviewed by Gregory Baldi;Jan-Werner Müller, Contesting Democracy: Political Ideas in Twentieth-Century Europe (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011) Reviewed by John Bendix;Douglas B. Klusmeyer and Demetrios G. Papademetriou, Immigration Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany (New York: Berghahn Books, 2009) Reviewed by Suzanna M. Crage;Derek Hastings, Catholicism the Roots of Nazism: Religious Identity and National Socialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) Reviewed by Robert P. Ericksen;Review of Pertti Ahonen, Death at the Berlin Wall (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010) Reviewed by Hope M. Harrison;Wolfgang Scholz, The Social Budget of Germany: Keeping the Welfare State in Perspective (Berlin: edition sigma, 2009) Reviewed by John Bendix;Philip Broadbent and Sabine Hake, eds., Berlin. Divided City, 1945-1989(New York: Berghahn Books, 2010) Reviewed by Helge F. Jani;Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (New York: Basic Books, 2010) Reviewed by Larson Powell
- Political Geography:
- New York and Germany
42583. Intersectionality and the Substantive Representation of Migrant Interests in Germany
- Author:
- Barbara Donovan
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- The paper uses the concept of intersectionality to examine the experiences of politicians with migrant backgrounds in Germany. The last decade has seen a significant increase in the number of persons with migrant backgrounds integrating into political parties and winning elections to both federal and regional legislatures. Do the migrant experiences of these persons shape their politics? Theories of substantive representation have suggested that gender shapes representation. What about the racial and ethnic identities that often coexist with immigrant status? Moreover, how do those identities and experiences interact with the prerogatives of party, partisanship, and regional representation? This study uses data gathered from both the federal and regional level to explore and explain the role of migrant-related concerns in the political behavior and articulated preferences of politicians with migrant background in Germany. It further explores how these relate to gender, careers, representational roles, and partisan identification. The article concludes that a consideration of the interaction of migrant identity with other factors allows us to see multiple dimensions of representation in Germany today.
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42584. Party Formation and Dilemmas of Opportunity Structure: Freie Wähler in the German Political System
- Author:
- Helga A. Welsh
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- The Freie Wähler (free voters, FW) offer the rare chance to analyze parties in the making. Their long-time anchoring in local elections, centrist, middle-class political orientation, and bifurcated organizational structure distinguish them from other new political parties that aspire to participate in Land (state), national and European elections. Against the backdrop of FW success in Bavaria, where they received 10.2 percent of the vote in 2008, this article explores the FW expansion to the state level but not their national aspirations. In contrast to most studies that emphasize opportunity structures that work in favor of new political actors, this article highlights their dialectical nature. For example, the FW self-image is based on their difference from political parties, but the rules of the game push them to the status of "almost-party" at the local level and parties at the Land level. Their local roots are a source of legitimacy, but when they reach beyond, divisions among members and voters hold back their electoral fortunes. Independence and issue orientation are appealing to some voters but hamper the establishment of a clear identity and effective campaigning in state elections. Success for FW candidates is linked to the weakness of the dominant parties in the conservative camp. Spatial-temporal conditions are significant in considering the future of the FW at the Land level.
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
42585. "Keep the Home Fires Burning": Fairy Tale Heroes and Heroines in an East German Heimat
- Author:
- Sonja Fritzsche
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- The article argues that the films Das kalte Herz (The Cold Heart, 1950) and Der Teufel von Mühlenberg (The Devil of Mill Mountain, 1955) functioned in two ways-as fairy tales and also as new Heimat or “homeland' tale. Besides Wolfgang Staudte's The Story of Little Mook, these two films were the only two live action fairy tale films that appeared before East Germany's DEFA made its first Grimm feature adaptation in 1956, The Brave Little Tailor. Yet, unlike the Grimm-based films that take place in a generic “forest,“ these first two films take place explicitly in the Black Forest and the Harz Mountains, two locations synonymous with the beauty and timeless nature of past notions of German Heimat. The two films also engaged with the growing monetary and symbolic success of the West's postwar Heimatfilme or homeland films. The article focuses on how The Cold Heart and Mill Mountain contributed to the rearticulation of the emerging Heimat discourse in the early German Democratic Republic, with a particular focus on gender.
- Political Geography:
- Germany
42586. Book Reviews
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- German Politics and Society
- Institution:
- German Politics and Society Journal
- Abstract:
- Abstract: William Collins Donahue, Holocaust as Fiction: Bernhard Schlink's "Nazi" Novels and Their Films(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010)Reviewed by Margaret McCarthyTheodor W. Adorno, Guilt and Defense: On the Legacies of National Socialism in Postwar Germany, edited, translated, and introduced by Jeffrey K. Olick and Andrew J. Perrin (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010)Reviewed by Gregory R. Smulewicz-ZuckerFriedrich Pollock, Theodor W. Adorno, and Colleagues, Group Experiment and other Writings: The Frankfurt School on Public Opinion in Postwar Germany, edited and translated by Andrew J. Perrin and Jeffrey K. Olick (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011).Reviewed by Jan BoestenGabriele Mueller and James M. Skidmore, eds. Cinema and Social Change in Germany and Austria(Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2012).Reviewed by Sabine von MeringChristopher J. Fischer, Alsace to the Alsatians? Visions and Divisions of Alsatian Regionalism, 1870-1939(New York: Berghahn Books, 2010)Reviewed by Jennifer A. Yoder
- Political Geography:
- New York, Germany, and Austria
42587. L'institutionnalisation du Parlement européen
- Author:
- Antonin Cohen and Anna-Christina L. Knudsen
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Lors de la dernière élection présidentielle, en France, trois candidats sur dix étaient membres du Parlement européen – Eva Joly, Marine Le Pen et JeanLuc Mélenchon ayant tous été élus ou réélus lors des élections européennes de 2009. Mieux. Les six principaux candidats à la présidence de la République étaient ou avaient été membres du Parlement européen – François Bayrou, François Hollande et Nicolas Sarkozy ayant siégé, il est vrai peu de temps, durant la cinquième législature.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42588. L'autonomisation du « Parlement européen »
- Author:
- Antonin Cohen
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Les organisations intergouvernementales européennes restent trop souvent analysées de manière isolées les unes des autres. Cet article entend au contraire illustrer le processus d'institutionnalisation du champ du pouvoir européen en prenant pour objet les interdépendances évolutives entre ces différentes organisations. En analysant le recrutement parlementaire des quatre assemblées supranationales du Conseil de l'Europe, des Communautés européennes, de l'Union de l'Europe occidentale et de l'Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord des années 1950 aux années 1970, cet article montre que le cumul des sièges au sein de ces assemblées tend à décroître au fil des années, contribuant à l'autonomisation de ce qui est alors rebaptisé « Parlement européen », ainsi qu'à la socialisation d'un nombre toujours croissant de parlementaires nationaux à la politique européenne supranationale. Il montre, en outre, la corrélation entre longévité, cumul des sièges et capital juridique, en isolant un petit groupe de parlementaires multipositionnés connus pour avoir joué des rôles très variés dans la construction européenne, comme Fernand Dehousse, PierreHenri Teitgen et bien d'autres. Cet article repose sur une base de données regroupant plusieurs centaines de parlementaires.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42589. L'Europe estelle un État comme les autres ?
- Author:
- Guilloaume Sacriste
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- La polity communautaire, plutôt que d'avoir autonomisé une sphère du politique à l'image des processus d'émergence des Étatsnations occidentaux, apparaît comme un système politique institutionnalisant sa propre hétéronomie socioéconomique. C'est l'hypothèse défendue dans cet article en prenant comme point d'entrée le travail des parlementaires européens de la commission juridique de l'Assemblée communautaire des années 1960. Les logiques sociales ainsi mises en évidence permettent de conclure sur la nature des outputs de cette commission : ces derniers brouillent la distinction public/privé au principe des ÉtatsNations.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42590. Modes de recrutement et de circulation des premiers membres britanniques et danois du Parlement européen
- Author:
- Ann-Christina L. Knudsen
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Cet article analyse les modes de recrutement et de circulation des 95 parlementaires britanniques et danois membres du Parlement européen (MPE) avant l'instauration du suffrage universel direct en juin 1979. Il s'appuie sur une étude prosopographique approfondie des biographies collectives et relationnelles des parcours de carrières politiques de ces députés, avant et après leur double mandat en tant que MPE. L'étude comparative montre la façon dont les parlementaires européens ont circulé dans la politique nationale et européenne, et comment des possibilités élargies de carrières politiques furent ainsi intégrées dans la vie politique de ces deux populations de parlementaires.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42591. Réinventer l'institution parlementaire européenne
- Author:
- Aurelie Elisa Gfeller
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Cet article offre un éclairage sur la réinvention de l'institution parlementaire communautaire à la suite de l'introduction du suffrage universel direct en 1979. Il analyse la stratégie discursive des élus et de leur présidente, Simone Veil, qui firent valoir leur nouvelle légitimité démocratique pour asseoir leur autorité face aux fractions des élites européennes associées aux autres institutions communautaires ou à d'autres institutions transnationales. Il montre aussi comment les nouveaux élus mobilisèrent diverses ressources pour renforcer leur stratégie de légitimation : leurs compétences budgétaires limitées, mais aussi les visites et voyages officiels orchestrés par leur présidente et leur engagement sur un thème porteur dans l'opinion, les droits de l'Homme.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42592. Sociogenèse d'une catégorie politique : l'introduction de « partis politiques au niveau européen » dans le droit communautaire
- Author:
- Francisco Roa Bastos
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- « Ceci n'est pas une pipe », peignait Magritte en 1929 dans La trahison des images. À bien des égards, ceci n'est pas non plus un article sur les « partis politiques au niveau européen ». Du moins, pas tout à fait. Il ne prétend pas déterminer la nature, les fonctions ou encore les perspectives d'évolution des organisations politiques concrètes qui sont aujourd'hui reconnues sous cette appellation, mais bien proposer une étude historique et sociologique des mobilisations qui ont conduit à l'introduction de la catégorie même de partis « politiques au niveau européen » dans le traité de Maastricht en 1992.
42593. Des eurodéputés « experts » ? Sociologie d'une illusion bien fondée
- Author:
- Willy Beauvallet and Sebastien Michon
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Au sein du Parlement européen (PE), comme de l'Union européenne, la figure de l'expert apparaît comme une dimension incontournable de la définition des rôles et de la structuration de l'espace politique européen. Cet article vise à montrer que la figure de l'eurodéputé expert correspond à une illusion bien fondée, une simplification dont la crédibilité est assise sur des processus sociaux institutionnalisés. Cette construction institutionnelle est le produit de la rencontre entre un contexte et des propriétés sociales et politiques qui se cristallisent dans le rôle de l'expert. Si cette définition dominante de la fonction d'eurodéputé emporte un certain nombre de conséquences et de contraintes, elle n'en demeure pas moins soumise à des tensions et des investissements concurrents qui font de l'institutionnalisation du PE un processus dynamique.
42594. Logiques partisanes, territorialisation et capital politique européen
- Author:
- Reni Lefebvre and Guillarme Marrel
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- L'article analyse le processus d'investiture des candidats aux élections européennes de 2009 pour le parti socialiste français. Il montre que la constitution des listes obéit à des logiques endogènes fortes et prend peu en compte le capital européen des impétrants. En articulant sociographie qualitative et entretiens, il s'agit ici de saisir le plus finement possible les logiques multiples et contradictoires qui président à la fabrication des listes. La faible prise en compte de l'européanisation des candidats est liée à des variables conjoncturelles et situationnelles, mais aussi à des logiques plus structurelles. La multiplication des critères en jeu en 2009 décuple les incertitudes pesant sur le processus de négociation.
- Political Geography:
- Europe
42595. Les violences contre les femmes en Russie : des difficultés du chiffrage à la singularité de la prise en charge
- Author:
- Francois Dauce and Amanine Regamey
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Basé sur une enquête menée en 2010 auprès de responsables associatifs et administratifs, cet article analyse la manière dont la violence contre les femmes est abordée et prise en charge en Russie. Il s'interroge d'abord sur les conditions de connaissance du phénomène : alors que les chiffres des violences domestiques donnent l'image d'une Russie particulièrement violente, c'est surtout le manque de fiabilité et le flou entourant les statistiques qui est à souligner ? quant aux facteurs économiques, sociaux et culturels, ils agissent surtout comme des facteurs aggravants – tout autant que le manque de prise en charge par l'Etat. En effet, alors que se sont constituées dans les années 1990 des ONG soutenues par les organisations internationales et qui mettent en avant un modèle légaliste de l'action publique, la réponse étatique reste dispersée et fragmentaire (absence de loi, de mesures de prévention ou de protection). Dans les années 2000, alors que les associations sont affaiblies, c'est le paradigme familialiste qui semble prendre le pas en Russie, portant l'attention moins sur la violence contre les femmes que sur la violence contre les mères.
42596. À propos de la complexité des révoltes dans les pays arabes
- Author:
- Nizar Messari
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Pour m'atteler à la tâche d'essayer de comprendre les bouleversements dans le monde Arabe au cours de l'année 2011, je me propose dans cet article d'analyser ces événements à la lumière de quelques modèles théoriques qui visent à expliquer les mobilisations sociales et populaires, d'abord pour fournir une clé pour comprendre ces événements et ensuite pour analyser ce que ces mobilisations ont apporté aux modèles théoriques préexistant. Deux questions différentes mais liées s'imposent : pourquoi plusieurs peuples arabes se sontils soulevés au cours de l'année 2011 ? Pourquoi l'ontils fait d'une façon presque simultanée ? D'un point de vue théorique, la littérature qui existe nous dirige vers deux concepts explicatifs : le premier est l'existence de structures d´opportunités politiques préalables qui ont balisé le chemin pour plus de réformes, alors que le second est l'existence d'un réseau d'événements, non pas liés mais mutuellement influençables, et dont l'évolution influence les événements dans les autres pays. Dans le cas des révoltes de 2011 dans les pays Arabes, les leçons à tirer sont que, si parler de structures d'opportunités politiques indique une inclinaison vers la structure au détriment de l'acteur, les révoltes de 2011 dans le monde Arabe ont indiqué le rôle central que les acteurs peuvent jouer dans les mobilisations, et obligent ainsi à une certaine adaptation du modèle des structures d'opportunités politiques.
- Political Geography:
- Arabia
42597. Théories de la reconnaissance dans les relations internationales
- Author:
- Thomas Lindemann and Julie Saada
- Publication Date:
- 09-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Les théories de la reconnaissance ont été développées, ces vingt dernières années, lorsqu'une série de débats politiques et de mouvements sociaux ont attiré l'attention sur l'idée de reconnaissance. Comme le souligne A. Honneth, elles reposent sur l'idée que la qualité morale des rapports sociaux ne peut être mesurée à la seule aune de la répartition juste ou injuste des biens matériels, mais que la justice doit aussi intégrer, de manière essentielle, nos conceptions sur la manière dont les sujets se reconnaissent mutuellement, et sur l'identité qu'ils se reconnaissent. Enracinées dans la conception hégélienne de la lutte pour la reconnaissance, les théories de la reconnaissance ont été développées non seulement dans des travaux philosophiques, mais aussi dans des recherches sociologiques, politistes et constructivistes. Elles semblent pourtant très éloignées des analyses contemporaines de ce type de conflictualité particulier qu'est la guerre. Plus généralement, différentes raiso...
42598. La reconnaissance entre États
- Author:
- Alex Honneth
- Publication Date:
- 09-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Sur un plan préthéorique, nous semblons admettre tout naturellement que les faits et gestes des acteurs étatiques obéissent souvent à l'intention de faire respecter par d'autres États la collectivité qu'ils représentent et d'en obtenir la reconnaissance par des mesures adaptées. Dans nos discussions quotidiennes, nous nous accordons bientôt pour dire que le comportement des dirigeants politiques palestiniens ne peut être compris indépendamment d'une telle quête de reconnaissance, que le gouvernement russe dépense sans compter depuis déjà des années pour regagner la considération des États occidentaux ou que les gouvernements d'Europe de l'Ouest usent de toutes les ressources de la diplomatie pour se faire à nouveau respecter par l'administration Bush. Certes, de prime abord, de telles transpositions de la catégorie de la reconnaissance aux relations interétatiques n'ont rien de surprenant: notre récente réactualisation de la théorie hégélienne de la reconnaissance ne visait-elle p...
42599. Théorie constitutive : reconnaissance, éthique et politique dans les relations internationales
- Author:
- Mervyn Frost
- Publication Date:
- 09-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Dans un article intitulé « La reconnaissance entre les États : sur le substrat moral des relations internationales » Axel Honneth relève que dans le langage usuel, on parle souvent des États comme cherchant le respect et la reconnaissance de la part d'États étrangers. Nous comprenons aisément les États lorsqu'ils font valoir leur droit à une reconnaissance dont on les prive. Honneth souligne que « nous convenons volontiers que le comportement des dirigeants politiques de la Palestine, par exemple, ne peut être compris sans prendre en compte de telles aspirations à une reconnaissance ; que le gouvernement russe réalise de gros efforts pour imposer le respect aux pays occidentaux ou bien que pendant les mandats de Bush, les gouvernements d'Europe occidentale ont usé de relations et manouvres diplomatiques pour renouveler le respect de leur allié américain ». Pourtant, lorsque nous nous tournons vers la discipline des Relations Internationales (RI), nous constatons que la notion de rec...
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Palestine
42600. Le conflit tchétchène à l'épreuve de la reconnaissance
- Author:
- Aude Merlin and Anne Huérou
- Publication Date:
- 09-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- L'article revient sur le conflit russo-tchétchène en faisant l'hypothèse que la question du déni de reconnaissance a eu une importance centrale dans la transformation d'un conflit politique en conflit armé. La reconnaissance est envisagée tant du point de vue des qualifications dont il a fait l'objet que des enjeux symboliques qui ont marqué les relations entre les deux parties. Une première partie explique comment le fait de ne pas qualifier ce conflit comme guerre produit des effets sur son déroulement. Une deuxième partie analyse l'affirmation identitaire tchétchène dans les différentes phases du conflit en revenant sur le temps long et sur la dimension coloniale des relations russo-tchétchènes, face aux diverses labellisations qui lui assignent des enjeux décalés. La conclusion interroge le recours au droit, moins dans le cadre d'une justice transitionnelle « post-conflit » que comme un levier majeur, voire le seul possible en termes de recherche de qualification et de reconnaissance des crimes commis pendant le conflit.