Content Type: Working Paper / Publishing Institution: Kellogg Institute for International Studies / Political Geography: Portugal / Publication Year: within 25 Years / Topic: Democratization

Author:: Tiago Fernandes
Publication Date:: 03-2012
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Kellogg Institute for International Studies
Abstract:: This paper explains variations in patterns of civil society among third-wave democracies by comparing the cases of Portugal and Spain. In the former a civil society developed that had a tendency to be more oriented toward national issues and politics, whereas in the latter civil society tended to be more local, social, and disconnected from politics. Portugal, although having both a less developed economy and historically a weaker democratic tradition than Spain's, was a democracy that between the early 1970s and the mid-1990s offered more opportunities for the organized civic expression of popular interests.
Topic:: Civil Society, Democratization, Government, Human Rights, and Markets
Political Geography:: Europe, Spain, and Portugal

Author:: Rafael Durán
Publication Date:: 07-2000
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Kellogg Institute for International Studies
Abstract:: This comparative study attempts to analyze differences in populations' behavior during processes of transition from nondemocratic regimes to regimes democratic in intention. The central hypothesis is that the State—as reflected not only in its elites' preferences and strategies but also in its capacities—has to be considered if we are to understand mass behavior, whether transgressive or moderate, and even mass demobilization. The comparison includes two Southern European countries, Portugal and Spain during the mid-seventies, as points of reference and, as the main empirical cases, two Eastern European countries, Hungary and Romania, in which democratization began in 1989.
Topic:: Civil Society and Democratization
Political Geography:: Europe, Romania, Hungary, Spain, and Portugal

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