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Begin New Search You searched for: Political Geography Middle East Remove constraint Political Geography: Middle East Content Type Working Paper Remove constraint Content Type: Working Paper Publishing Institution Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Remove constraint Publishing Institution: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

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1. A Fractured Border: Syria, Türkiye, and Cantonization

2. Rethinking the EU’s Approach to Women’s Rights in Iran

3. China’s Response to Türkiye’s Volatile Authoritarianism

4. Retain, Restructure, or Divest? Policy Options for Egypt’s Military Economy

5. Eden Denied: Environmental Decay, Illicit Activities, and Instability in Iraq’s Southern Border Area

6. Border Nation: The Reshaping of the Syrian-Turkish Borderlands

7. Throwing Down the Gauntlet: What the IMF Can Do About Egypt’s Military Companies

8. The Pitfalls of Saudi Arabia’s Security-Centric Strategy in Yemen

9. Innovation and New Directions: Searching for Novel Paths in Arab Education Reform

10. China Is Playing by Turkey’s Media Rules

11. Political Change and Turkey’s Foreign Policy

12. The Making of the Kurdish Frontier: Power, Conflict, and Governance in the Iraqi-Syrian Borderlands

13. Breaking the Israel-Palestine Status Quo

14. Lebanon’s Political Economy: From Predatory to Self-Devouring

15. Reassessing Russian Capabilities in the Levant and North Africa

16. How Syria Changed Turkey’s Foreign Policy

17. How China Learned to Harness Israel’s Media and Booming Tech Scene

18. The Transformation of the Iraqi-Syrian Border: From a National to a Regional Frontier

19. Eastern Yemen’s Tribal Model for Containing Conflict

20. A Feminist Foreign Policy to Deal with Iran? Assessing the EU’s Options

21. The Egypt-Sudan Border: A Story of Unfulfilled Promise

22. The Sunni Religious Establishment of Damascus: When Unification Creates Division

23. How Southern Syria Has Been Transformed Into a Regional Powder Keg

24. Playing Politics: International Security Sector Assistance and the Lebanese Military’s Changing Role

25. Two Paths to Dominance: Military Businesses in Turkey and Egypt

26. Europe Needs a Regional Strategy on Iran

27. Overcoming Taiwan’s Energy Trilemma

28. Security Assistance in the Middle East: A Three-Dimensional Chessboard

29. Russia in the Middle East: Jack of All Trades, Master of None

30. The Mobilization of Conservative Civil Society

31. Keeping EU-Asia Reengagement on Track

32. The Assad Regime’s Hold on the Syrian State

33. The Islamic State’s Strategy: Lasting and Expanding

34. Crumbling States: Security Sector Reform in Libya and Yemen

35. Jordan’s Refugee Crisis

36. Exploring the Prospects for Russian-Turkish Cooperation in a Turbulent Neighborhood

37. Qatar and the Arab Spring: Policy Drivers and Regional Implications

38. The Economics of Egypt's Rising Authoritarian Order

39. Egypt's Media in the Midst of Revolution

40. Qatar and the Recalibration of Power in the Gulf

41. Tehran Calling: Understanding a New Iranian Leadership

42. From Transformation to Mediation: The Arab Spring Reframed

43. The Roots of Crisis in Northern Lebanon

44. A Window of Opportunity to Upgrade EU Foreign Policy

45. Iran's Nuclear Odyssey: Costs and Risks

46. Russia and the Arab Spring

47. Iraq's Tangled Foreign Interests and Relations

48. The Arab World's Education Report Card: School Climate and Citizenship Skills

49. Egypt's Judges in a Revolutionary Age

50. Turkey and the Bomb

51. The State of Iraq

52. Tribal Governance and Stability in Yemen

53. Building a Better Yemen

54. Gaza Five Years On: Hamas Settles In

55. The Economic Agenda of the Islamist Parties

56. The Rise of Egypt's Workers

57. Policing the People, Building the State: Authoritarian Transformation in the West Bank and Gaza

58. A Decade of Struggling Reform Efforts in Jordan: The Resilience of the Rentier System

59. Post-Revolutionary Al-Azhar

60. Arab Monarchies: Chance for Reform, Yet Unmet

61. From Inspiration to Aspiration: Turkey in the New Middle East

62. Education for Citizenship in the Arab World: Key to the Future

63. Morocco's Experience With Poverty Reduction: Lessons for the Arab World

64. The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood: Islamist Participation in a Closing Political Environment

65. From Violence to Moderation: Al-Jama'a al-Islamiya and al-Jihad

66. The Political Challenge of Yemen's Southern Movement

67. What Comes Next in Yemen? Al-Qaeda, the Tribes, and State-Building

68. Exploiting Grievances: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

69. The Arab State: Assisting or Obstructing Development?

70. Building Cooperation in the Eastern Middle East

71. Russia's Policy in the Middle East: Prospects for Consensus and Conflict with the United States

72. Stepping Back From Democratic Pessimism

73. European Conflict Management in the Middle East: Toward a More Effective Approach

74. The Oil Boom in the GCC Countries: Old Challenges, Changing Dynamics

75. "Fixing Broken Windows": Security Sector Reform in Palestine, Lebanon, and Yemen

76. Between Government and Opposition: The Case of the Yemeni Congregation for Reform

77. Preventing Conflict Over Kurdistan

78. Nuclear Energy: Rebirth or Resuscitation?

79. EU and U.S. Free Trade Agreements in the Middle East and North Africa

80. The Middle East: Evolution of a Broken Regional Order

81. The New Arab Diplomacy: Not With the U.S. and Not Against the U.S.

82. The Draft Party Platform of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood: Foray Into Political Integration or Retreat Into Old Positions?

83. Lebanon's Sunni Islamists: A Growing Force

84. Saudi Arabia's “Soft” Counterterrorism Strategy: Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Aftercare

85. Turkey's Middle East Policies: Between Neo-Ottomanism and Kemalism

86. In the Shadow of the Brothers: The Women of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood

87. Islamists in Politics: The Dynamics of Participation

88. The New Middle East

89. Reading Khamenei: The World View of Iran's Most Powerful Leader

90. Incumbent Regimes and the "King's Dilemma" in the Arab World: Promise and Threat of Managed Reform

91. The Draft Party Platform of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood: Foray Into Political Integration or Retreat Into Old Positions?

92. Rethinking Economic Reform in Jordan: Confronting Socioeconomic Realities

93. Women in Islamist Movements: Toward an Islamist Model of Women's Activism

94. Kuwait: Politics in a Participatory Emirate

95. A Face of Islam: Muhammad-Sodiq Muhammad-Yusuf

96. Requiem for Palestinian Reform: Clear Lessons from a Troubled Record

97. Evaluating Political Reform in Yemen

98. Pushing Toward Party Politics: Kuwait's Islamic Constitutional Movement

99. Illusive Reform: Jordan's Stubborn Stability

100. Islamist Movements in the Arab World and the 2006 Lebanon War