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152. The Intersection of HADR and the Rohingya Refugee Crisis
- Author:
- Kelsey Broderick
- Publication Date:
- 02-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Project 2049 Institute
- Abstract:
- HADR exercises have traditionally been aimed at responding to and preparing for natural disasters. But ultimately, the purpose of HADR is to provide assistance to those in dire need of help after a crisis, whether it is natural or manmade. More than 6,000 trafficked people floating in the ocean without access to food and water arguably constitutes just such a crisis. ASEAN, with support from the U.S. Navy, would have been well positioned to put their HADR exercises into practice to assist the victims, as they were required to under international law.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
153. An Empirical Analysis of Claimant Tactics in the South China Sea
- Author:
- Christopher D. Yung and Patrick McNulty
- Publication Date:
- 11-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Abstract:
- China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei have used a wide variety of tactics to protect and advance their maritime territorial claims in the South China Sea. China is the most active user of the nine categories of tactics identified in this paper, with the exception of legal actions, and accounts for more than half of all military and paramilitary actions since 1995. Empirical data support the argument that the 2011 U.S. rebalance to Asia did not spur disruptive behavior in the South China Sea. China became more active in protecting and advancing its claims around 2009, before the rebalance was announced. The unclassified database used in this analysis undercounts military and paramilitary actions, but captures enough activity to provide a representative sample. A classified version that captures more activity would improve the potential to develop the database into an Indications and Warning tool to assist in monitoring and managing tensions in the South China Sea.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
154. Global Knowledge Networking: Smart Strategies for Promoting Innovative Learning and Leader Development
- Author:
- Walter L. Christman, Frank C. DiGiovanni, and Linton Wells II
- Publication Date:
- 04-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Abstract:
- Dealing effectively with contemporary security challenges requires prepared coalitions of partners that are able to operate together. The Global Knowledge Networking (GKN) initiative supports local decisionmaking and makes knowledge actionable. Its core is the “composable organization,” where people, ideas, processes, and technology can be brought together as needed. The GKN supports initiatives from NATO’s Wales Summit, focused especially on interoperability and capacity-building. A proposed Gulf Knowledge Center test bed also would support recent decisions by a Gulf Cooperation Council Summit concerning military command and education. Building new learning tools with coalition partners can improve common understanding and shared procedures. This vision is a key part of the next generation of training and readiness capability, led by the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel & Readiness). The GKN initiative could be adapted for regions beyond the Gulf.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
155. Responding to Russia after the NATO Summit: Unmanned Aerial Systems Overmatch in the Black Sea
- Author:
- Conor Sullivan, Schuyler Standley, and James M Keagle
- Publication Date:
- 04-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Abstract:
- In the aftermath of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit in Wales in September 2014, the Obama administration pledged $1 billion to assist Allies on the eastern front. This was in response to Russian initiatives and our Allies’ requests for increased U.S. presence. A potential response could be the introduction of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities around the Black Sea. Given the increasing concern over the strategic importance and therefore vulnerability of the areas bordering the Black Sea, such as Odessa, Transnistria, and the Danube Delta, this asymmetric response from the United States not only would add a less escalatory pressure on Russian interests in the area but also could alleviate some of the concerns of some NATO members.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
156. Defense Partnerships: Documenting Trends and Emerging Topics for Action
- Author:
- Samuel Bendett
- Publication Date:
- 04-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Abstract:
- Further integration along with a shared forum for common procedures, roadblocks, and solution sets will help inform and address public-private, public-public (P4) functional stovepiping and specialized P4 success in the Department of Defense (DOD). There is a need for formal capture of enterprise-wide best practices and lessons observed. DOD personnel have significant training and competency in their specific career field, but there appears to be a need to either integrate or identify P4 subspecialties to develop P4 through the ranks. Cross-Service collaboration and interagency planning, tiger-teaming, and convening non-DOD stakeholders with DOD counterparts will support P4s both at a project level and an enterprise level.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
157. Security Council Resolution 1325: Civil Society Monitoring Report 2014
- Author:
- Diana Miladinović Zeba
- Publication Date:
- 01-2014
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Belgrade Centre for Security Policy
- Abstract:
- While there has been some progress in terms of democratic governance reform, the changes that took place in the government since 2012 affected women’s rights in general. Lack of democratic continuity can negatively influence the implementation of the policies and practices that are currently in place, and which should be strengthened further.
- Topic:
- Civil Society and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
158. Bridging the PAYE gap
- Author:
- ZIPAR
- Publication Date:
- 01-2013
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research (ZIPAR)
- Abstract:
- Zambia’s tax revenue-to-GDP ratio dropped to a record low of 13% in the early 1990s from a peak of 30% in the 1970s. To address the problem, Government embarked on a wide range of tax reforms that included the formation of the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) in order to increase revenue collection through efficient tax administration. Despite these reforms, tax revenues have remained low, averaging only 17% of GDP. The low tax revenues can be partly attributed to tax evasion. The current legal and administrative measures to address this problem are inadequate. This is evidenced by the underperformance of taxes such as PAYE with a significant proportion remaining uncollected. The estimated PAYE tax gap as a percent of GDP is 6.7% or 40.3% of total tax revenues in 2010. Government should embark on comprehensive legal and administrative tax reforms in order to minimise the tax gap, thereby combating tax evasion.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
159. Transitional Justice and Peace building on the ground: Victims and ex-combatants,
- Author:
- Chandra Lekha Sriram
- Publication Date:
- 01-2012
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Centre on Human Rights in Conflict
- Abstract:
- In the wake of violent conflict and mass atrocity, there are many contending demands, including those for peace and stability, and those for accountability and punishment. Much ink has been spilled in debating “justice versus peace”. Two key trends in peacebuilding and transitional justice may clash with one another in particular: the prevalence of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs and the increased emphasis on victim-centred approaches to peacebuilding
- Topic:
- Peace Studies and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
160. Reaching for Justice: The participation of victims at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia,
- Author:
- Johanna Herman
- Publication Date:
- 01-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Centre on Human Rights in Conflict
- Abstract:
- This policy paper is based on research in Cambodia, assessing the activities and strategies regarding participation of victims before the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), funded by the University of East London Promising Researcher grant. It is hoped by the international community and by Cambodian civil society that the participation of victims will play a key part in ensuring that the ECCC has a lasting impact on Cambodia. The ECCC, in common with other hybrid tribunals, is expected to engage the affected society and victims, since it is located within the country rather than based elsewhere as the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) are. This policy paper reviews how the victim participation process functioned during the first case and the preparation for the second case at the ECCC, and offers insights to improve practice at the ECCC and other courts that are undertaking other forms of victim participation
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus