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Begin New Search Topic Energy Policy Political Geography Global Focus Content Type Journal Article Publication Year within 3 Years Publication Year within 10 Years

1. The East Mediterranean Gas Forum: Convergence of Regional and Energy Security Concerns

Author:
Stefy Joseph and Aneeta Thomas Peedikayil
Publication Date:
03-2023
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy International Relations
Institution:
Postgraduate Program in International Strategic Studies, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Abstract:
As energy insecurity remains an imminent characteristic of energy security, it can simultaneously influence the securitization of non-energy referent objects in other sectors (Adamides and Odysseas 2015). This leads one to examine the geopolitical underpinnings behind the formation of the EMGF which by and large has affected the region as a whole. Egypt, the region’s star player has always played a fundamental role in harbouring relations based on energy and regional security and hence its relations with Greece, Cyprus, Israel, France, Italy and the EU needs examination in the wake of the establishment of the EMGF. The EMGF has been kept as the central pillar in understanding the international political economy behind the energy and regional security convergences by the above-mentioned member states. The objective behind undertaking this study has been to point out the inadequacies in establishing the EMGF which has inevitably shaped the geopolitics of the region.
Topic:
Security, Energy Policy, Natural Resources, and Gas
Political Geography:
Global Focus

2. Locked-in Emissions: The Climate Change Arms Trade

Author:
Wendela de Vries
Publication Date:
10-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
With militaries’ locked-in fossil fuel systems and looming climate chaos, the arms industry continues to take advantage of nefarious profit opportunities.
Topic:
Climate Change, Energy Policy, Environment, Military Strategy, Natural Resources, Fossil Fuels, Private Sector, and Defense Industry
Political Geography:
Global Focus

3. What Do Energy Sanctions Say About the World?

Author:
Aurelie Bros
Publication Date:
08-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Baku Dialogues
Institution:
ADA University
Abstract:
Statecraft is often under­stood as the art of con­ducting state affairs in order to exert a direct influ­ence on other actors in the in­ternational system in order to get them to do what they would not do otherwise. To achieve their goals, policymakers are able to employ a variety of le­vers such as diplomacy, propa­ganda, military statecraft, and economic statecraft. According to Elizabeth Ellis of the Inter‑ Disciplinary Ethics Applied Centre of the University of Leeds, the latter category encompasses all economic means—including recourse to economic sanctions— that might be used by interna­tional actors with the intention of (i) preventing objectionable policy or behavior, (ii) sending a message, or (iii) punishing unlawful policy or behavior. Princeton University’s David A. Baldwin wrote in 1985 that economic sanctions are divided into two main categories: those with a punitive function and those aimed at encouraging or rewarding. He also noted that they impact trade (e.g. embargo, quotas, and (un)favorable tariff discriminations) as well as cap­ital (e.g. aid suspension, con­trols on imports or exports, and (dis)advantageous taxation), and that they can be used wisely or unwisely, justly or unjustly, de­pending on the situation at hand. Although economic sanctions have a long history, with origins in Antiquity, they are unequally distributed over time. For example, their use greatly increased during the post‑World War II era, especially in the energy sector. This increasing use of energy sanctions has been partic­ularly noticeable since the early 1970s. Over the past several de­cades, they have essentially become a way for energy producers and con­sumers to exert disapproval over one another and to weaken those considered to be morally respon­sible for objectionable policies (not always related to energy issues). En­ergy sanctions, therefore, are often paired with non‑energy economic sanctions targeting a large array of goods and services. For example, an oil embargo can take place in tandem with nuclear‑related sanc­tions aimed at stopping military use of civilian nuclear power tech­nology—as in the Iranian case. Energy sanctions are always deeply rooted in a wider polit­ical and economic environment, reflecting the global order of their time. This essay will focus mainly on the bipolar interna­tional system led by the United States and the Soviet Union between 1947 and 1991, which was followed by a post‑Cold War in­ternational system in which the United States assumed the role of the world’s leading power, sup­ported by Western‑dominated organizations. Nevertheless, this unipolar, rules‑based order is now under pressure, perhaps even du­ress—some argue it is coming to an end.
Topic:
Diplomacy, Energy Policy, Sanctions, and Conflict
Political Geography:
Global Focus