Content Type: Journal Article / Publishing Institution: Uluslararasi Iliskiler

1. Table of Contents

Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: No abstract is available.

2. NATO'nun Dönüsümü

Author:: Ali L. Karaosmanoglu
Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Berlin Duvari yikilip Sovyet/Varsova Pakti tehdidi ortadan kalktiktan hemen sonra, NATO degisen uluslararasi sisteme kendini uyarlamaya basladi. Bu süreç zor ve sorunlu olmasina ragmen, önemli basarilar kaydetti. Ama "Nato yasayabilecek mi?" sorusu hep gündemde kaldi. Bu inceleme iddiali öngörüler yerine aktörlerin egilimlerine ve ortamdaki degismelere isaret ederek bir düsünme ve tartisma zemini hazirlamanin gayreti içinde olmustur. Uluslararasi sistemdeki yapisal degisiklikleri irdeleyip, Ittifakin yeni durumlara uyum saglamak için ne gibi politikalar uyguladigini ve söz konusu dönüsümün önündeki engelleri elestirel bir yaklasimla incelemistir. Ortak siyasi iradenin olusmasinin ve askeri yapi ve stratejinin yeni sartlara uyarlanmasinin sinirlarini açikliga kavusturmaya çalismistir. Bu çerçevede askeri doktrin çalismalari ve Afganistan tecrübesi arasindaki etkilesim ve dönüsüm süreci üzerindeki etkileri ele alinmistir. Ayrica sonuç bölümünde, genisleyen Avrupa-Atlantik Bölgesindeki NATO askeri operasyonlarinin mesruiyet sorununa da deginilmistir
Political Geography:: Afghanistan

3. Füze Tehdidi ve NATO Füze Kalkani: Türkiye Açisindan Bir Degerlendirme

Author:: Sitki Egeli
Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: ABD ve NATO'nun son yillarda üzerine önem ve öncelikle egildigi füze savunma kalkaninin teme - linde, Iran'in nükleer silah edinme emellerinin dogrudan bir uzantisi olarak degerlendirilen Iran'in balistik füze envanterinden duyulan kaygilar ve tehdit algilamalari yatmaktadir. ABD'nin 2010 yilinda gündeme getirdigi ve NATO ülkeleri nezdinde kabul gören EPAA (European Phased Adaptive Approach) adli füze savunma yaklasimi, Türkiye'nin füze tehdidi karsisindaki geleneksel yak - lasimlariyla uyumlu oldugundan Ankara tarafindan da benimsenmis ve Türkiye EPAA için kritik önemde bir ülke konumuna yükselmistir. Diger taraftan, aslinda ABD'nin tahsis ettigi askeri ve tek - nolojik kaynaklar üzerine insa edilen EPAA yapilanmasinda, NATO'nun Avrupali müttefiklerinin katkilari ve olasi bir çatismanin seyri üzerindeki kontrolleri sinirli düzeyde kaldigi gibi, EPAA'ya yönelik olarak önemli bazi teknolojik, operasyonel, takvimsel ve siyasi/stratejik belirsizlikler mevcuttur. Diger taraftan, EPAA'nin ilerleyen safhalarinda Türkiye'nin yeni bazi talep ve oldu-bittilerle karsi karsiya kalabilecegi ihtimali göz ardi edilmemeli, bu olasiliklarin Rusya ile iliskiler ve Bati ile iliskilerde ABD-Avrupa dengesinin gözetilmesi gibi farkli açilardan hesaba katilmasi gerekmektedir.
Political Geography:: Russia, Europe, India, and East Asia

4. Enerji Güvenligi: NATO'nun Yeni Tehdit Algisi

Author:: Mitat Çelikpala
Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Enerji güvenligi, ana amaci Ittifak üyelerini askeri tehditlere karsi savunmak olan NATO'nun öncelikli konu basliklari arasina ancak son on yilda girebilmistir. Bu çalismada, NATO'nun Soguk Savas sonrasi dönemde düzenlenen zirvelerinde yayinlanan zirve bildirgeleri ve stratejik konseptler ile çesitli NATO zeminlerinde yapilan tartismalar isiginda, enerji güvenliginin NATO için tasidigi anlam ve önem üzerinde durulmaktadir. NATO'nun enerji güvenligi kavramina yaklasimi degerlendirilerek, önümüzdeki süreçte enerji güvenligi konusunun NATO çerçevesinde ne yönde sekillenebilecegi ortaya konmaya çalisilmaktadi.
Political Geography:: Russia

5. NATO'nun Gelisen Tehdit Algisi: 21. Yüzyilda Siber Güvenlik

Author:: Salih Biçakci
Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Siber uzayin sivillesmesiyle birlikte Vestfalya sisteminin getirdigi ulus devlet modeli derinden etkilenmistir. Soguk Savas sonrasinda ortaya çikan bu yeni dönemde nükleer savasin ve çekismenin izlerini görmek mümkündür. Siber Uzayin günümüzde karsi karsiya kaldigi tehditler ve bunlarin henüz netlesmemis sinirlari örneklerde net olarak görülmektedir. NATO gibi uzun soluklu bir güvenlik ittifakina ve üyelerine bu yeni güvenlik ortaminda yapilan siber saldirilar, gelecek adina önemli ipuçlari vermektedir. Bu makalede NATO'nun bu yeni tehditlere karsi aldigi tedbirler ve belirlenen siber güvenlik stratejileri ortaya çikaran süreç tartisilmisti.

6. NATO-AB İlişkilerinde İşbirliği ve Çatışma Dinamikleri

Author:: Sinem Akgül Açikmese and Cihan Dizdaroglu
Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: NATO's supremacy in the security and defence structures of the Euro-Atlantic region during the Cold War era has prevented the development of a self-sustained European security mechanism. With the end of the Cold War, specifically with the St. Malo Summit in 1998 which was a breakthrough in the advancement of the Common Security and Defence Policy, the NATO-EU relationship became pronounced. Since then, opportunities for and difficulties of collaboration have both defined this inter-institutional relationship between NATO and the EU. Despite a series of arrangements for strengthening the institutional framework of NATO-EU relations as well as the Berlin-plus agreements, the argument of an effective cooperation between two organizations would be misguided. Particularly, discrimination against the non-EU NATO allies as well as the existence of challenges such as decoupling and duplication are hampering progress in NATO-EU relations. This article aims at shedding a light on the limited cooperation between these two organizations by focusing on the current challenges.
Topic:: NATO and Cold War
Political Geography:: Europe and Berlin

7. Fred HALLIDAY, The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology

Author:: Mustafa Yetim
Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Oxford Üniversitesi ile Londra'daki Dogu ve Afrika Çalismalari Okulu'nda (The School for Oriental and African Studies) ögrenim gören ve doktorasini 1985-2008 arasi Profesör olarak görev yaptigi Londra Ekonomi Okulu'ndan (London School of Economy) alan Fred Halliday, önde gelen Uluslararasi Iliskiler uzmanlarindandir. Uzmanlik alani Ortadogu olan ve bölge ile ilgili pek çok kitap ve makalesi bulunan Halliday, 2008'de emekli olduktan sonra Barselona Uluslararasi Çalismalar Enstitüsü'nde arastirmaci profesör olarak görev yapmis ve 2010 yilinda 64 yasinda vefat etmistir.
Political Geography:: Africa, Middle East, and London

8. Ali BALCI, Türkiye Dis Politikasi: Ilkeler, Aktörler, Uygulamalar

Author:: Ramazan Erdag
Publication Date:: 01-2014
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Türkiye'nin dis politikasina iliskin olarak literatürde en çok bilinen iki eser Baskin Oran'in editörlügünü yaptigi Türk Dis Politikasi (Cilt I, II, III) ile Willam Hale'in Turkish Foreign Policy since 1774 baslikli çalismalaridir. Oran ve Hale eserlerinde Türkiye'yi dis politikada geleneksel olarak denge politikasi benimseyen ve uygulayan bir ülke olarak tanimlamaktadir. Ayrica her iki eser uluslararasi sistemde Türkiye'yi orta büyüklükte bir devlet olarak tanimlamakta, bu tanimdan hareketle Türkiye'nin dis politikasindaki sinirlamalari ve imkânlari ortaya koymaktadir. Bu baglamda Ali Balci'nin 2013 yilinda Etkilesim yayinlarindan çikan Türkiye Dis Politikasi: Ilkeler, Aktörler, Uygulamalar adli eseri Oran'in üç cildinin bir sentezi ve Hale'in eserinin ise güncellenmis bir biçimi olarak görülebilir. Öte yandan Balci'nin çalismasinin en göze çarpan yani Türkiye'nin son dönemdeki dis politika tutumunu sistem, aktör ve yapi baglaminda ele almasidir. Yazar dis politika olusumunda iç politikadan bagimsiz, yekpare bir siyaset izlenemeyecegi fikrinden hareketle; Türkiye'nin dis politikasindaki degisim ve kirilmalari iç politikada yasanan iktidar mücadeleleri ve kimlik tartismalari üzerinden okumaktadir.
Topic:: Foreign Policy
Political Geography:: Turkey

9. Table of Contents

Publication Date:: 08-2013
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: No abstract is available.

10. Tarihsel Sosyoloji ve Uluslararası İlişkiler: Jeopolitik, Kapitalizm ve Devletler Sistemi

Author:: Faruk Yalvaç
Publication Date:: 08-2013
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Bu makale uluslararası ilişkiler kuramında son yıllarda giderek disiplinin temel gundemini oluşturmaya başlayan tarihsel sosyoloji ve uluslararası ilişkiler kuramı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Bu cercevede tarihsel sosyolojinin gecirmiş olduğu aşamaları ve temel tartışmaların bir analizini yapmaktadır. Tarihsel sosyoloji calışmaları 1970'li yıllarda Weber'in goruşlerinin hakim olduğu bir donemden sonra bugun daha cok tarihsel materyalist yaklaşımların ağırlıklı olduğu bir aşamaya gelmiştir. Bu tartışmaların odak noktası “uluslararası”na tarihsel materyalist bir yaklaşımın nasıl geliştirileceğidir. Konuyla ilgili tartışmalar kapitalizm-devletler sistemi ilişkisi ile uluslararasını tanımlamak icin kullanılan eşitsiz ve birleşik gelişme (EBG) kavramları etrafında yoğunlaşmıştır. Makalede bu tartışmalar tanıtılmakta ve sonuc bolumunde tarihsel sosyoloji calışmalarının uluslararası ilişkiler kuramı acısından onemi ve potansiyel katkıları vurgulanmaktadır.
Topic:: Sociology

11. Terörizmle Mücadelede Görüsmeler

Author:: Cenker Korhan Demir
Publication Date:: 08-2013
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Terörizmle mücadelede görüsmelerin kullanilmasi devletlerin ilgisini çeken ve çogu zaman basvurulan bir araçtir. Buna ragmen, görüsmelere baslamak ve sürdürmek oldukça zor bir çabayi gerektirir ve basarili bir sekilde sonlandirildigina da çok sik rastlanmamaktadir. Bunun yaninda, somut hedefleri olan ve uzun yasam evrelerine sahip etnik ayrilikçi terör örgütleriyle mücadelede görüsmeler siklikla kullanilmaktadir. Bu çalismada terörizmle mücadele kapsaminda görüsmelere neden ihtiyaç duyuldugu ve etkili olarak ne zaman ve nasil kullanilabilecegi PIRA, ETA ve LTTE örnekleri üzerinden arastirilmistir. Görüsmeler tek basina ve kisa vadede sonuçlari görülebilecek bir terörizmle mücadele araci degildir. Kisa vadede geçici süre ile siddetin azalmasini saglayan görüsmeler, ancak uzun vadede ve kapsamli terörizmle mücadele politikasinin bir parçasi olarak kullanildiginda sorunun kalici olarak çözülmesine hizmet edebilirler.

12. Ethnicization of Islam" and Headscarved Dutch- Turkish Students' Identity Politics in the Netherlands: The Case of Amsterdam

Author:: Berrin Koyuncu-Lorasdagi
Publication Date:: 08-2013
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Since the mid-2000s, the complex relationship between migration and religion (Islam) at the axis of identity politics in Western Europe has received an increasing academic attention. This article, based on the first-hand data gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 headscarf-wearing Dutch students of Turkish origins in Amsterdam, aims to explore the quest for the recognition of new Muslim woman identity with the headscarf in the Dutch context in the aftermath of 9/11 and the murder of the film director Theo van Gogh in 2004 by disassociating Islam and Turkish culture and themselves as “conscious and active believers” from traditional first-generation Turkish women. The contention is that in the process of ethnicization of Islam in the Netherlands, the headscarf is the main statement through which newly emerging identity politics of the heads carved Muslim Dutch students of Turkish origin in Amsterdam is expressed.
Political Geography:: Europe and Netherlands

13. Constructing Culturally Proximate Spaces through Social Network Services: The Case of Hallyu (Korean Wave) in Turkey

Author:: Chong-Jin OH and Young-Gil CHAE
Publication Date:: 08-2013
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This study aims to understand the factors and actors of Hallyu (Korean Wave) in Turkey in the context of the characteristic cultural and technological conditions of network society. Two contextual factors -time and space- motivate this particular case study. While the consumption of Korean pop cultural products in European countries has noticeably increased, few studies were conducted on Hallyu in the European continent. Especially, network media technologies including blog, SNS, and various online communication platforms enable the international fans to consume Korean cultural products across the time and spatial barriers. In addition, this case study is also interesting because of the shared historical and cultural heritages maintaining and developing cultural linkages between South Korea and Turkey. Thus, this study contextualizes the Hallyu phenomenon in the context of historical, cultural, and technological relations between the two countries.
Political Geography:: Europe, Turkey, India, and South Korea

14. Politics of National Honor in Turkish-Israeli Relations: An Alternative Account of the Recent Tensions

Author:: Özlem Demirtas-Bagdonas
Publication Date:: 08-2013
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article seeks to complement the ideological and rationalist accounts of the deterioration of Turkish-Israeli relations in the last decade by focusing on the role of honor politics in exacerbating the tension between Turkey and Israel. Claims to “greatness” and/or “exceptionalism” have made both countries very sensitive to humiliation, while their reciprocal gestures defying each other's claimed authority and superiority have further aggravated the tensions. Both countries' desire to place themselves on a higher moral plane and preoccupation with national honor, although it was accentuated differently and gained varying degrees of public resonance in each country, have made it increasingly difficult for both Turkey and Israel to reach a compromise.
Political Geography:: India

15. CONTENTS

Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: No abstract is available.

16. The Study of Terrorism 10 Years After 9/11: Successes, Issues, Challenges

Author:: Richard Jackson
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article surveys the field of terrorism studies since 9/11 and attempts to assess some of its main successes, perennial issues and future challenges. It suggests that terrorism studies has grown and matured in the decade since the attacks, in part through its rising popularity and institutionalization in new university teaching programs, a growing number of think tanks and research institutes, and scholarly activity in new networks and journals. While some of its successes include new dedicated scholars and researchers, improving standards of scholarship, and diversification of research and methodological approaches (including the rise of critical terrorism studies), a number of perennial issues continue to haunt the field. These include, among others: tendencies towards decontextualisation, de-historicisation and knowledge subjugation within the field; skewed research priorities; normative-political issues surrounding policy engagement and problem-solving; the lack of reflexivity and engagement with critical terrorism studies and other critical movements; and the low entry barriers to terrorism expertise and the rise of pseudo-experts. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the main challenges facing the field, such as avoiding a bifurcation into critical and orthodox intellectual ghettos, bridging the trans-Atlantic divide between scholars, negotiating the complex legal environment posed by domestic counter-terrorism legislation, developing standards and safeguards for primary research and integrating the relevant knowledge of cognate fields such as peace studies into the research and teaching of terrorism studies. Overall, the article concludes that it is an opportune time to be involved in terrorism studies and there reasons for being cautiously optimistic about the next decade of terrorism research.

17. 'Old' vs. 'New' Terrorism: What's in a Name?

Author:: Andreas Gofas
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The question of “old” versus “new” terrorism has been debated vigorously. Proponents of “new terrorism” point to a radical transformation in the character of terrorism, while skeptics point out that today's terrorism is not a fundamentally or qualitatively new phenomenon but grounded in an evolving historical context. In this paper I take stoke of the debate by means of juxtaposing ideal types of “traditional” and “new” terrorism along the axis of five distinguishing variables: organizational structure; operational range; motives; tactics; and attitude towards the Westphalian system. The analysis reveals several similarities, instead of rigid distinctions, that point in favour of evolution rather the revolution of terrorist activity. Article, thus, question both the analytical value and empirical veracity of “new terrorism”.

18. Defining the "New Terrorism": Reconstruction of the Enemy in the Global Risk Society

Author:: Münevver cebeci
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Employing the conceptual frameworks provided by Ulrich Beck and Carl Schmitt; this article argues that the reconstruction of the enemy in the global risk society reflects a reincarnation of a “crude” form of “the political”. As the powerful –the US– determines our knowledge on global terrorism, the global risk society itself becomes political, through the reconstruction of the enemy as inhuman and, thus, right-less: an enemy who should be captured and punished severely. This also refers to a deconstruction of the classical conception of war and its reconstruction as a special kind of war which involves the use and legitimization of measures that violate all rules of war, international law and human rights. This article concludes that attempts to define the “new terrorism” on positivist lines risk contributing to such reconstruction of the enemy and war, and, therefore, critical and poststructuralist approaches might offer more insight into understanding the post-9/11 world.

19. The Only Thing We Have to Fear: Post 9/11 Institutionalization of In-security

Author:: Mitat Çelikpala and Duygu Öztürk
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: During the last decade, billions of dollars have been spent to increase security measures in the United States. New institutions, including a department for homeland security, have been established, new security tools have been developed, and surveillance of Americans has been increased. However, despite the creation of 'safety zones,' neither the level of the Americans' feeling of security from further terrorist attacks, nor their confidence in the ability of US governments to prevent attacks, has seen an increase. According to Beck, who introduced the concepts of 'world risk society' and 'reflexive modernity', terrorism is one of the products of reflexive modernity which cannot be addressed by traditional security measures. Within this framework, this paper analyzes the case of the Americans since 9/11 attacks. In this vein, it is argued that the gap which has arisen as a result of addressing non-territory and non-state-based terrorism through state-based security measures has caused a continuation of a high level of insecurity, fear, and anxiety among the Americans. Public opinion surveys conducted in the United States since the 9/11 attacks by various institutions are used to analyze Americans' thoughts about security and the terror risk in the United States.
Political Geography:: United States

20. 'War on Terror' and Hegemony: International Law-Making Regarding Terrorism After 9/11

Author:: Müge Kınacıoğ
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The focus of analysis in this article is the process of hegemonic law-making regarding terrorism utilizing unilateral power and the collective legitimization function of the UN. In order to explore how hegemony influences the development of international legal norms concerning the use of force and terrorism, the article examines the ways in which the United States as a prevailing actor in the international system has sought to translate its political power to develop a new norm of preemption and to impose international legal obligations on states with regards to the suppression of terrorism through the United Nations Security Council's Chapter VII resolutions after September 11 terrorist attacks.

21. Is Terrorism Still a Democratic Phenomenon?

Author:: Erica Chenoweth
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: In recent years, multiple studies have confirmed that terrorism occurs in democracies more often than in nondemocratic regimes. There are five primary groups of explanations for this phenomenon, including the openness of democratic systems, organizational pressures resulting from democratic competition, the problem of underreporting in authoritarian regimes, gridlock resulting from multiparty institutions, and the coercive effectiveness of terrorism against democracies. Most of these studies, however, examine the relationship only through 1997. In this article, I explore whether terrorism has continued to occur more in democratic countries through 2010. I find that while terrorism is still prevalent in democracies, it has increased in “anocracies,” countries that policymakers would often describe as “weak” or “failed” states. I offer a potential reason for this increase: the American-led occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan. I conclude by offering some insights into how the rise of terrorism in anocracies affects the typical explanations for terrorism and democracy, and I suggest a few ways to improve on our current understanding.
Political Geography:: Afghanistan, Iraq, and America

22. Democracy as Counter-Terrorism in the Middle East: A Red Herring?

Author:: Katerina dalacoura
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The shock of the 9/11 attacks had complex and profound effects on US policy in the Middle East. One result was the decision of George W. Bush's administration to place the discourse of democracy promotion at centre stage in its policy towards the region. This decision was based on the notion that the spread of democracy would serve as antidote to the emergence of Islamist terrorism and enhance Western security. This paper challenges the assumption that the causes of Islamist terrorism can be solely or primarily reduced to the political factors of exclusion and repression. The paper then argues that, if authoritarianism is not the cause of Islamist terrorism, we must look elsewhere for an explanation. Economic and social causes are not the main issue at play here either. Far from seeing them as irrational actors driven by religious or millenarian motives, Islamist terrorists – similarly to most other terrorist organisations, with some exceptions - are rational and calculating in their choice of tactics. Promoting democracy as an antidote to terrorism must be replaced by alternative policies. If we accept that Islamist movements adopt terrorist tactics for instrumental or strategic reasons, effective counter-terrorism will start from the understanding that Islamist terrorists are rational actors, who will always make cost-benefit analyses with regards to the use of terrorist tactics.
Political Geography:: United States and Middle East

23. Review: Terror in Our Times by Ken Booth and Tim Dunnek

Author:: Çiğdem H. Benam
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesinden sonra, uluslararası sistemde yeni dönemi neyin şekillendireceğinin bilinemediği geçiş sürecini sonlandıran 11 Eylül 2001 saldırılarının üzerinden on yıl geçti. 11 Eylül saldırıları ile başlayan dönemin ve aradan geçen on yılın bir muhasebesini yapmak amacıyla Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları'nın önemli isimlerinden Ken Booth ve İngiliz Okulu temsilcilerinden Tim Dunn bir araya gelmiş. İki yazarın kuramsal yaklaşımlarının ustalıkla harmanlandığı Terror in Our Times (Çağımızda Terör) başlıklı çalışma, bugünün gittikçe karamsar bir görüntü arz eden ulusal güvenlik ve korumacılık odaklı uygulamalarını bir çerçeveye oturtuyor. Terör, tehdit, güvenlik ve dünya düzeni kavramlarını sorgulayarak, özellikle yaşanan süreçte gittikçe daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulan eleştirel ve alternatif bakış açılarını tartışıyor.
Topic:: Terrorism
Political Geography:: Global Focus

24. Fahri TÜRK, Alman Silah Sanayii'nin 1871 - 1914 Arasında Türkiye'yle Ticari İlişkileri, Krupp Firması, Mauser Silah Fabrikası ve Alman Silah ve Mühimmat Fabrikaları

Author:: Birgül Demirtaş
Publication Date:: 01-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Alman halkının arka arkaya yaşanan savaşların ardından 1871'de, siyasi tarihçilerin deyimiyle “geç birleşme”yi gerçekleştirmesi, Viyana Kongresi'yle kurulan Avrupa Uyumu sisteminde büyük bir sarsıntıya yol açtı. Avrupa'nın yarım yüzyılı aşan güç dengesi sistemi tarihe karışırken, kıtanın kalbinde nüfus ve coğrafik alan bakımından en büyük, daha da önemlisi ekonomik ve askeri açıdan devasa güce sahip yeni bir imparatorluk doğmaktaydı. Aynı dönemde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yöneticileri de, 600 yıllık imparatorluğun toprak kaybının önüne geçmeye ve zayıflamasını durdurmaya çalışıyordu. Avrupa'nın ortasında yeni yükselen bir imparatorlukla artık giderek zayıflayan, hatta çöküş sürecine giren bir diğeri arasında ne gibi bir bağlantı olabilirdi?

25. CONTENTS

Author:: Akademik Dergi
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Uluslararsı İlişkiler Dergisi'nin elinizdeki 33. sayısıyla yeni bir cilde daha başlamış oluyoruz. Bu dokuzuncu cilt bizde 10 yıla doğru giderken yeni bir heyacan duygusunun doğmasına neden oluyor. Bu cilt tamamlandığında Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 10. yaşına girmiş olacak. Vesileyle başta yazarlar ve hakemler olmak uzere, Dergi'nin bugune ulaşmasına katkı sağlayan siz okurlarımıza yeniden teşekkur ediyoruz.

26. Ekonomik Bütünleşme/Siyasal Parçalanmışlık Paradoksu: Avro Krizi ve Avrupa Birliği'nin Geleceği

Author:: Ziya Öniş and Mustafa Kutlay
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The Euro-zone project has been struggling for survival since it was hit hard by the global financial crisis in 2008. When the crisis first erupted, the member countries immediately plunged into a vicious cycle of 'blame-game' by trying to transfer the burden on the shoulders of other members. In this article, we argue that the structural problems pertaining to the very architecture of the Euro-zone rather than the individual policy choices of member states were at the heart of the deep crisis that the European Union is currently confronted with. Our central argument, therefore is that the 'economic integration/political fragmentation' paradox constitutes a central underlying element of the Euro-zone crisis. We claim that the future of the Euro-zone and thereby the European Union will mainly be shaped by the response of the European leaders to the economic integration/political fragmentation paradox. The mostlikely response of the EU to this paradox will be a La Carte Europe, which foresees different integration level among EU member countries. Finally, the type of European leaders' response to the paradox in question will closely affect the future of Turkey-EU relations. The emergence of a more flexible Europe may open up new avenues for Turkey-EU relations.
Political Geography:: Europe

27. Birleşmiş Milletler Palmer (Mavi Marmara) Raporu ve Uluslararası Hukuk

Author:: Yusuf Aksar
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: 31 Mayıs 2010 tarihinde, İsrail askerlerinin Mavi Marmara başta olmak uzere, Filistin'in Gazze topraklarına insani yardım goturmeyi ve Gazze'ye uygulanan ablukaya dunya kamuoyunun dikkatini cekmeyi hedefl eyen konvoya acık denizde gercekleştirdikleri saldırı ve neticesinde sivil insanların oldurulmesi ve yaralanması olayı uluslararası toplumu derinden etkilemiştir. Olayın her yonunun incelenmesi duşuncesiyle, Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Konseyi bir Araştırma Komisyonu (fact-fi nding mission) kurarken, Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Sekreteri de ayrı bir Soruşturma Komisyonu (Panel of Inquiry) oluşturmuştur. Palmer Raporu olarak da bilinen Mavi Marmara olayına ilişkin eski Yeni Zelanda Başbakanı Geoff rey Palmer başkanlığında oluşturulan Birleşmiş Milletler Soruşturma Komisyonu tarafından hazırlanan rapor, Temmuz 2011'de kamuoyuna acıklanmıştır. Raporun en carpıcı bulgusu 4. sayfasında olup şu şekildedir; “deniz ablukası Gazze'den silah girişini onlemek icin konulan bir hukuki guvenlik onlemidir ve uygulanması uluslararası hukuk kurallarına uygundur. Ozellikle, Raporda, İsrail'in Gazze'ye uyguladığı deniz ablukasının ve İsrail askerlerinin yardım konvoyuna mudahalesinin, meşru mudafaa kapsamında uluslararası hukuka uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmış olması, uluslararası alanda buyuk tartışmalara sebep olmuştur. Bu calışmanın amacı, Raporun ulaştığı sonucların, uluslararası hukukta kuvvet kullanma, meşru mudafaa, deniz hukuku (ozellikle deniz ablukası) ve devletin sorumluluğuna yonelik kurallar ile ne kadar uyum icerisinde olduğunu tartışmaktır. Bu sebeple, ilk olarak olayın gelişimi ve Birleşmiş Milletlerin tepkisi kısaca ele alınacak, sonra, İsrail'in uyguladığı deniz ablukası ve hukuka uygunluğu tartışılacaktır. Calışma, tarafl ar arasındaki krize muhtemel cozum onerileri ile sonuclandırılacaktır.
Political Geography:: Israel and New Zealand

28. Avrupa'daki Radikal Sağ Partiler ve Balkanlı Kuzenleri: Çanlar Türkiye İçin Çalıyor

Author:: Nazif Mandaci
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Avrupa'daki radikal sağ Balkanlı ortaklarına memnuniyetle kucak acmış gorunmektedir. Her ne kadar farklı coğrafyalarda, farklı etmenlerin etkisinde doğmuşlarsa da Avrupalı radikal sağ ailesi yeni uyelerin katılımıyla sesini daha gur cıkarmaya hazırlanmaktadır. Ote yandan hem Avrupa'da hem de bu bolgede radikal sağ hareketlerin yukselmesi Turkiye'nin Avrupa'ya dair dış politika hedefl eri acısından bazı sorunlar yaratacak gibidir. Bu calışma, bir bakıma tam uyelik muzakerelerini başarıyla sona erdirmesinin ardından, uyeliği artık AB uyesi ulkelerin referandumlarının sonuclarına ve Avrupa Parlamentosunun kararına kalmış bir Turkiye'ye Avrupa'daki radikal sağ hareketlerin ne tur engeller cıkarabileceğine dair bir fi kir vermeyi amaclamaktadır.
Political Geography:: Europe and Turkey

29. Levant'ta Büyük Oyun: Doğu Akdeniz'in EnerjiJeopolitiği

Author:: Volkan Ş. Ediger, Balkan Devlen, and Deniz Bingöl Mcdonald
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Levant Bolgesi'ndeki ticaret sisteminden başlayarak bolgenin hidrokarbon jeopolitiğine geciş surecine kadar uzanan tarihsel gelişimin uzun erimli (longue duree) bakış acısıyla incelendiği bu calışmada, bolgenin gunumuzdeki durumu, petrol ve doğal gazın arama, uretim ve ihracı konusunda ozellikle 2000'li yıllardan bu yana yaşanan gelişmelerle değerlendirilmiştir. Bolgenin hidrokarbon jeopolitiğindeki catışma ve iş birliğinin sabit ve değişen boyutlarına, uluslararası ilişkilerin guc politikaları ve gucler dengesi gibi kavramları cercevesinde ozel bir yer verilmiştir. Bu calışma sonunda test edilerek doğrulanan iki temel hipotezden bir tanesi, zaman icinde ticaretten enerjiye evrimleşen Levant jeopolitiğinin, kuresel başat guc ve uluslararası devletler sistemindeki guc dengeleri icin onemini uzun tarihi boyunca koruduğudur. Buna bağlı olarak geliştirilen ikinci hipotez de, Levant jeopolitiğinin kontrolunun başat gucun elinde olduğu zamanlarda bolgesel ve kuresel captaki barış ve istikrarın arttığıdır. Guc dengelerindeki kaymalardan oturu Levant'taki jeopolitik kontrol tek bir gucun elinden cıkmaya başladığı zamanlarda catışmalar artmakta, iş birlikleri azalmaktadır. Doğu Akdeniz'in enerji konusunda gunumuzde karşı karşıya kaldığı tehdit ve fırsatların incelenmesinin ardından bolgedeki catışma ve iş birliği olanakları konusunda cıkarımlar yapılarak, bolgesel aktorlerin temel stratejileri değerlendirilmiştir. Levant'ta one cıkan yeni enerji jeopolitiğinin bolgenin onemli bir gucu olan Turkiye icin oluşturacağı tehdit ve fırsatlar tartışılmıştır.
Political Geography:: Turkey

30. Çin'in Değişen Enerji Stratejisinin Dış Politikasına Etkileri (1990-2010)

Author:: R. Kutay Karaca
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Deng'in iktidara gelişiyle planlanan ve 1990'ların başında meyvesini vermeye başlayan ekonomik program, 1995 yılından itibaren enerji ithalatına ihtiyac duymaya başlamıştır. Bu ithalat surekli artış gostermiş ve 2009 yılında bağımlılık guvenlik sınırını aşmıştır. Dunyadaki digger guclerin aksine Cin icin enerjiyi sorunsuz elde etme yalnızca ekonomik gelişimin devamı anlamına gelmemektedir. Ekonomik gelişimin devamı halkın refahının artmasını, ordunun hızlı modernizasyonunu ve en onemlisi rejimin devamını sağlayacaktır. Bu durum Cin dış politikasını doğrudan etkilemeye başlamıştır. Cin enerji kaynaklarına sahip ulkeleri oncelikli ilişki kuracak ulkeler olarak gormektedir. Bu ulkelerin coğunun az gelişmiş ya da gelişmekte olan Orta Doğu ve Afrika ulkeleri olması da Cin'in ilişki kurmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır.
Topic:: Security and Foreign Policy
Political Geography:: Africa and China

31. Bülent ARAS, Şule TOKTAŞ ve Ümit KURT, Araştırma Merkezlerinin Yükselişi, Türkiye'de Dış Politika ve Ulusal Güvenlik Kültürü

Author:: Nihat Çelik
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Turkiye gibi ulusal guvenlik olgusunun daima on planda olduğu bir ulkede guvenlik alanındaki calışmaların hak ettiği seviyeye geldiği soylenemez. Bu durum, diğer etkenlerin yanında, guvenlik konusunun devletin ilgili kurumlarının tekelinde bir alan olarak gorulmesinin kacınılmaz bir sonucudur. Bu yaklaşım, guvenlikle ilgili konuların dar bir cevre icinde tartışılmasına, bu konuda akademik kurumlarda yeterli sayıda uzman yetişmemesine ve karar alıcıların ve kamuoyunun politika seceneklerinden mahrum kalmasına yol acmıştır. Doğal olarak Turkiye'deki guvenlik kulturu tek yanlı olarak bicimlenmiştir. Turkiye; bu alanda bilgi uretecek, uzman yetiştirecek ve istihdam edecek ve kamuoyunu bilgilendirecek yapılara sahip olmamıştır. Bu işlevi ustlenmesi gereken araştırma merkezlerinin Turkiye'de yaygın şekilde ortaya cıkışı, ancak 1990 sonrasında mumkun olmuştur. Dunya siyasetinde onemli değişimlerin yaşandığı ve Turkiye'nin Soğuk Savaş sonrasında oluşan sistemdeki rolunun ne olacağının sıklıkla tartışıldığı bu donemde araştırma merkezleri; yayınları ve faaliyetleri ile farklı konuların gundeme gelmesinde ve dış politika tercihlerinin kamuoyu nezdinde tartışılmasında kuşkusuz onemli bir rol oynamışlardır. Buna rağmen, araştırma merkezlerinin bu rolunun yeteri kadar incelenip irdelenmediği ve bu konuda akademik calışmaların yapılmadığı gorulmektedir. Bu calışmanın en onemli ozelliği, bu alandaki boşluğu doldurmasıdır. Bunu yaparken, Turkiye'de faaliyet gosteren ceşitli araştırma merkezlerinde gorev yapan yonetici ve uzmanlarla yapılan goruşmelere dayalı bir saha araştırması yurutulmuştur. Bu saha araştırması; araştırma merkezlerinin yapıları, sorunları, faaliyetleri ve dış politika yapım surecine olan katkılarını nasıl algıladıklarının yanı sıra, araştırma merkezleri yoneticileri ve uzmanlarının, Turkiye'yi ilgilendiren hemen hemen tum dış politika alanlarındaki goruşlerini yansıtan değerli bir bilgi kaynağı sunmaktadır.

32. Vamık D. VOLKAN, Kıbrıs: Savaş ve Uyum Çatışma İçindeki İki Etnik Grubun Psikanalitik Tarihi

Author:: Kenan Şahin
Publication Date:: 04-2012
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Kıbrıs sorunu, 1950'li yıllardan gunumuze değin varlığını surdurmektedir. Bu yonuyle uzun sure Turk dış politikasını meşgul etmiştir. Bununla birlikte ozellikle son donemde Turkiye ve Avrupa Birliği ilişkilerinde de zaman zaman bir engel olmaya devam etmektedir. Kıbrıs, hala ikiye bolunmuş durumda ve siyasi bir cozumu bekleyerek belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Gunumuze kadar gelen surecte Uluslararası İlişkiler disipliniyle uğraşanların, tarihcilerin, sosyologların bu soruna ve adada yaşanan gelişmelere yonelik gereken ilgiyi gosterdikleri soylenebilir. Konuyla ilgili oluşmuş hacimli bir literatur de bunu kanıtlar niteliktedir. Bu literatur, genelde sorunun cozumune yonelik ceşitli yaklaşımlar uzerinde yoğunlaşmakta ve olaylara tarihsel bir cevreden bakılan analizleri kapsamaktadır. Konuya ilişkin ideolojik ve manipulatif değerlendirmelerin bolca yer aldığı da gorulmektedir. Bunlara karşın Kıbrıs'ta yaşayan toplulukların kimlik ve aidiyet duyguları, yaşananların bu topluluklar uzerindeki psikolojik etkileri ve bir arada yaşamın ortaya cıkardığı durumların psikolojisi bakımından yapılan bir analiz olması nedeniyle Prof. Dr. Vamık D. Volkan'ın calışması ayrı bir yerde durmaktadır. Başka bir ifadeyle Kıbrıslı Turkler ve Rumlar arasındaki ilişkilerinin psikolojik anlatımı ve yorumu Kıbrıs'la ilgili calışmalar acısından bu esere ozgunluk kazandırmaktadır.

33. Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramında Anarşi Söylemi

Author:: Faruk Yalvaç
Publication Date:: 05-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article discusses the development of the anarchy discourse in international relations theory. It questions the main problematiques around which the discourse of anarchy is organised and asks whether anarchy is still a valid concept to understand international relations. The mainstream IR theory analyses anarchy from an institutional framework, and is based on the assumption that state relations is sufficient to describe and understand anarchy. Post-positivist period have developed diverse criticisms to this conceptualisation. The article evaluates the criticisms of postmodernist, historical sociological, postcolonial and feminist approaches to the concept of anarchy. One of the main theses of this article is that the concept of anarchy can meaningfully be used to analyse international relations only if it is connected to social relations (and more specifically to social relations of capitalism with respect to understanding present international system). Therefore, the approach adopted in this article overlaps with many of the criticisms of anarchy by postmodernism, feminism, but more specifically with recent historical sociological approaches and the postcolonial studies. Another argument of the article is that the anarchy/order opposition can not totally be eradicated unless the social relations sustaining them can be altered.
Topic:: Political Theory, Socialism/Marxism, and Anarchy
Political Geography:: Global Focus

34. Segregasyonlar ve Jeopolitik “Yeni” Düzenler: Müteşebbis Efendiler olarak Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri

Author:: Anna M. Agathangelou and Barış Karaağaç
Publication Date:: 05-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Beginning with the epistemological principle, International Relations (IR) critiques “world politics”, we look at the discipline of International Political Economy (IPE) within IR, considering to what extent IPE re-thinks key IR divides. What does IPE mean when the military-industrial complex is a site of power for the accumulation of resources and knowledge production? Can we critically theorize without understanding the international, the military, or the industrial as contested categories? How have critical theories of security and militarization and their racial formations been “globally” and “locally” positioned? Does an assumed segregation of security and property relations preclude making tensions visible in security regimes and among vulture capitalists? This essay foregrounds Turkey and its armed forces as sites of critical inquiry into the key divides of IR: national and international; global and local; the economy and state relations; rationality and bodies. We highlight what is produced as viable within the fields of the current model of global power and collective practices instrumental in changing IPE consensus about global processes and relations to dissent.
Topic:: International Political Economy, Political Theory, and Military Affairs
Political Geography:: Global Focus

35. “Güvenlik İkilemi”ni Yeniden Düşünmek Güvenlik Çalışmalarında Yeni Bir Perspektif

Author:: Ali Bilgiç
Publication Date:: 05-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Th is article will discuss the concept of “security dilemma”, which was conceptualized sixty years ago, but has been enriched and recently re-thought, in three periods. In the first period, the concept was formulated based on the security understanding dominating the Cold War era. The second period is the one during which the concept was enriched in conjunction with emerging problems in world politics and the broadened security understanding in the discipline of International Relations. In the last period, the concept was completely re-thought and fed by new ideas. Among these new ideas, the concept of “trust” was offered as a way of transcending security dilemmas. The re-generated version of “security dilemma” presents a new perspective to understand, study, and re-think what security and insecurity mean in world politics.
Topic:: International Relations, International Security, and Political Theory
Political Geography:: Global Focus

36. Yirmibirinci Yüzyılda Savaşı Tartışmak: Clausewitz Yeniden

Author:: Ali L. Karaosmanoğlu
Publication Date:: 05-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: In the post-Cold War era the changing international system, primordial hate and violence motivated by ethnic and religious conflicts, transnationally operating non-state actors, relativization of the state, and rising democratic and liberal values have prompted an ongoing debate on the nature of war. Those commentators who argue that the “new” wars have fundamentally changed the nature of war are of the opinion that the theory of war by Carl von Clausewitz has lost its analytical relevance as a conceptual framework for understanding and explaining war in the twenty-first century. The major contention of this article is the following: In some respects, “new” wars are different from the “old” (conventional) ones. The depth of this difference, however, falls short in changing the nature of war. The conceptual framework of Clausewitz, therefore, remains relevant to a great extent. Clausewitzian interpretation of contemporary wars would be useful to reevaluate political and strategic alternatives that are developed to control and terminate them.
Topic:: War and Political Theory
Political Geography:: Global Focus

37. Savaş Hukukunda Tecavüz ve Yağmayı Yasakla(ma)yan Rejimler Lahey Sözleşmeleri (1899, 1907)

Author:: Tuba İnal
Publication Date:: 05-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Th is article seeks to explain two related theoretical questions by looking at the treatment of two related practices of war, pillage and rape, by international law: How does change, particularly legalized regime change, happen in international relations and what is the role of “gender” as a category in this process of change? The argument here is that three conditions are necessary for the emergence of a legalized prohibition regime: Firstly, states must believe that they can comply with the prohibition because non-compliance is costly. Secondly, a normative context conducive to the idea that the particular practice is abnormal/undesirable is necessary. Thirdly, actors actively propagating these ideas to promote the creation of a particular regime should exist. The 100-year temporal difference between the emergence of the regimes against pillage and rape reveals the role of gender in this process.
Topic:: Gender Issues, International Law, and War Crimes
Political Geography:: Global Focus

38. Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye İlişkilerine Postyapısalcı Yaklaşım: Almanya Örneğinde Dış Politika ve Söylem Analizi

Author:: Senem Aydın Düzgit
Publication Date:: 05-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: In line with the poststructuralist approach that theorises identity as relationally constructed through discourse, the purpose of this article is to shed light on the different visions of Europe that are constructed in debates on Turkey’s accession to the EU among German politicians. The article focuses on the political party debates on Turkish accession in Germany, a key member state in EU integration and the debate on Turkish membership to the EU, and subjects them to critical discourse analysis. In doing that, it also brings forward the importance of the concept of discourse from a poststructuralist perspective.
Topic:: International Relations, Political Theory, and European Union
Political Geography:: Europe, Turkey, and Germany

39. CONTENTS

Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: No abstract is available.

40. The Steppe and Early European State Formation

Author:: Iver B. Neumann
Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: It is not a self-evident thing for a group of scholars to invite an outsider who has studied the home turf of that group to open one of their conferences. I am extremely pleased to be here, and I want to make the most of the opportunity by calling attention to an area of study that my previous work has been pointing me to, and that I believe we who study International Relations (IR) should make our own. I am talking about a relation between two places in time. The relation is the one between nomads and sedentaries. The places are the Eurasian steppe and the sedentary polities to its west. By the Eurasia steppe I mean that vast tract of land that stretched from the Mongolian-Turkic homelands around Karakorum, north of the agricultural lands of the Chinese, the Persians and the Byzantines, all the way to where the grasslands started to give way to forest, and where there lived Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes. The time is what Europeans call the middle ages.
Topic:: International Relations
Political Geography:: China, Europe, and Eurasia

41. “The International”, Epistemic Fallacy and Possibilities of Critical Realism

Author:: Burak Ülman, Evren Balta-Paker, and Muhammed A. Ağcan
Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article examines the main assumptions of neo-realism and neo-liberalism from the perspective of a critical realist philosophy of science. Although neo-realist and neo-liberal theories of inter- national relations (IR) disagree on some issues, they do have a common ontological understanding of “the international” based heavily on the principle of anarchy. The centrality of and emphasis on anarchy, in turn, creates a monolithic, unhistorical and asocial idea of the international. This article argues that a critical realist philosophy of science, as proposed by Roy Bhaskar, provides a good framework to pursue the ontological interrogation required to deconstruct the anarchy centered idea of the international assumed by rationalist/positivist theories. Critical realism allows us to identify the crucial error that the rationalist/positivist tradition commits: which is to fall into the trap of ‘epistemic fallacy’, where ontological questions concerning the nature of being are posed and answered in epistemological terms. Critical realism not only provides a tool to investigate the ontological assumptions of mainstream IR theories but also to propose a differentiated and stratified ontology that can open the door to the mutual recognition of alternative perspectives.
Topic:: Political Theory
Political Geography:: Global Focus

42. Perception or Discourse? Security Threats in Copenhagen School and Neoclassical Realism

Author:: Sinem Akgül-Açikmese
Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article compares the perceptive approach of neoclassical realist security understanding with the discursive constructivist methodology of the Copenhagen School in analyzing the emergence of security threats. It departs from the assumption that these theories divergent in their perspectives on the content of security threats as well as security actors are comparable since they reveal methodological commonalities. The main emphasis of this article is that while partly adopting the perceptive subjectivity of neoclassical realism, the Copenhagen School has further developed an alternative model of discursive intersubjectivity in analyzing security threats. In this context, it will first cover the discussions on the content of security threats in Security Studies literature. It will then compare the assumptions of various realist understandings of security on the content and emergence of security threats, with a particular focus on the perceptive perspective of neoclassical realism. Finally, it will study the threat approach of the Copenhagen School through its securitization theory with insights from the speech-act theory, political theory and discourse analysis, in comparison with neoclassical realism.
Topic:: Security and Political Theory
Political Geography:: Global Focus

43. The Interaction between Theories of European Integration and the Literature on Turkey: Rethinking the Europeanization Research Program through the Case of Turkey

Author:: H. Tolga Bölükbasi, Ebru Ertugal, and Saime Özçürümez
Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article argues that the evolution of the Europeanization research program and that of the literature on Turkey has come evolved incongruously. The article identifies the limits of this interaction, investigates the conceptual, theoretical and methodological origins of these limits, and concludes that such incongruence may be overcome by cross-utilization of the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and research design tools offered by the Europeanization research program more effectively in studying Turkey. Doing so will allow studying the exclusive impact of the EU on the processes of transformation in Turkey by isolating its transformative role from the impact of other domestic dynamics and international factors.
Topic:: Political Theory
Political Geography:: Europe and Turkey

44. Rethinking International Cooperation: The Case of Regulatory Networks in Competition Policy

Author:: Umut Aydin
Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: In the last few decades, globalization has led to the emergence of complex international problems and new methods of cooperation to deal with them such as Transnational Regulatory Networks (TRNs). In this article I argue that dominant rationalist theories of International Relations such as neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism have difficulty accounting for the emergence of TRNS and their effects on state behavior. Thus, there is an increasing need to rethink our concepts and theories of international cooperation with the spread of TRNs. 6 e article explores this argument by focusing on cooperation on competition policy in the International Competition Network.
Topic:: International Relations, International Cooperation, and Regulation
Political Geography:: Global Focus

45. The Issue of Effectiveness in International Environmental Regimes

Author:: Yasemin Kaya and Sezgin Kaya
Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The effectiveness of international environmental regimes is a subject that is becoming more and more important within the International Relations discipline. While one of the reasons of that is the increasing interest of the international community in environmental issues, the other reason is that the environmental issues have turned into a problem that has a direct impact on the relations among the states. However, there is no consensus on approaches about the assessment of the effectiveness of the environmental regimes. This study aims to consider the different approaches and views that are important in terms of the assessment of the effectiveness of environmental regimes. In this framework, the approaches related to regime effectiveness are assessed, and the outlines of theoretical and methodological framework that can be used in the analysis of regime effectiveness are tried to be defined.
Topic:: Climate Change, Environment, and Political Theory
Political Geography:: Global Focus

46. Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın Nedenlerine Donanma Stratejileri Üzerinden Bakış ya da “Birinci Dünya Savaş'ına Giden Yolda Osmanlıların Drednot Düşleri” Üzerine Notlar

Author:: Serhat Güvenç
Publication Date:: 08-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: 28 Haziran 1919'da Versailles Antlaşması'nın imzalanması yalnızca Birinci Dünya Savaşını resmen sona erdirmekle kalmıyor, aynı zamanda insanlık tarihinde eşi görülmemiş bir yıkıma neden olan bu savaşın başlangıcının tarihsel sorumluluğunu da Almanya'ya yüklüyordu. Saraybosna suikastı ertesinde Alman Şansölyesi Theobald Bethman Holweg tarafından Avusturya-Macaristan'ın Sırbistan'a karşı alacağı tavır ile ilgili olarak Almanya'nın, tarihe “açık çek” olarak geçen, her türlü desteği vereceği yolundaki cesaretlendirmesi Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın başlangıcı konusunda Almanya'nın üzerine yüklenen sorumluluktu. Versailles sisteminin Almanya'ya yüklediği bu tarihsel sorumluluk, iki dünya savaşı arası dönemde Alman toplumunu ve özellikle de Alman tarihçilerini oldukça etkiledi. Diğer taraftan İkinci Dünya Savaşının sonunda yaşanan büyük mağlubiyet galipler tarafından yazılan tarihe bir kez daha Almanya'nın “dünya savaşının sorumlusu” olarak işlenmesine neden oldu.
Topic:: History
Political Geography:: Europe

47. Is Toleration Possible and Morally Relevant in the International Realm?

Author:: Devrim Kabasakal Badamchi
Publication Date:: 09-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: In the contemporary political theory literature, toleration has been considered widely as an intra-state issue rather than an inter-state issue. First, this paper argues that the possible reasons for this disregard on the international aspect of the concept do not justify the disregard. Secondly, it demonstrates that international toleration is conceptually possible by outlining its characteristics (structure). Thirdly, it lays out the possible different reasons that might be offered for the justification of international toleration. In line with this, it is claimed that toleration, to bare a strong moral relevance in the international realm, should be founded on the idea of 'equal respect'.

48. Revisiting the Role of Credible EU Membership Conditionality for EU Compliance: The Turkish Case

Author:: BEKEN Saatçioğlu
Publication Date:: 09-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Credible EU conditionality is theorized as a central mechanism for bringing EU candidates to comply with the political membership criteria. The literature on conditionality's domestic impact does not sufficiently explore the possibility of democratic reforms in the absence of credible conditionality. This paper tests this alternative hypothesis by studying Turkey under the rule of the AKP (2002-2009). It is argued that notwithstanding the falling credibility of the conditional membership perspective for the ruling actors after 2004, Turkish compliance persisted because it promised political benefits to the government. This finding highlights that domestic governments' belief in conditionality is not a necessary condition of compliance with the EU.
Political Geography:: Europe and Turkey

49. The Problematic Fields in European Neighborhood Policy: Human Security and Neighborhood Relations

Author:: Murat Necip Arman
Publication Date:: 09-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: With the enlargements of 2004 and 2007, the EU reached at borders with new neighbors stretching from Northern Africa, to Middle East and Southern Caucasus. Despite their structural instability, those three regions possess rich energy resources. The EU promulgated the blue prints of the Union's future relations with the new neighbors in March 2003 with the paper on "Wider Europe Neighborhood: a New Framework for Our Relationships with the Eastern and Southern Neighbors." The framework redefined the basic parameters of the so-called neighborhood policy. The major difference that differs the neighborhood policy from the rest of the Union policies with non-member countries is its unique approach to the concept of human security. Human security is a distinct security approach distancing "the state" from being the major subject of security and instead individuals have been placed gradually in the center of relations between the EU and Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. This study which tries to lure attention to the symbiotic bonds between human security and security community approaches, unfolds the problematic aspects of the neighborhood policy which is based on human security and offers some solutions to those problems.
Topic:: Security
Political Geography:: Europe, Middle East, and North Africa

50. Compliance with the Climate Change Obligations: The Kyoto Protocol Compliance Mechanism

Author:: Şûle Anlar Güneş
Publication Date:: 09-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: “Procedures and Mechanisma on Compliance Under the Kyoto Protocol” was adopted by the Kyoto Protocol First Meeting of Parties at Montreal in 2005. The Compliance Committee which constitutes of Facilitative Branch and Enforcement Branch, started to operate in 2006. While the Enforcement Branch deserves a special attention due to its innovative quasi-judicial characteristics, the mandate of the Facilitative Branch have many similarities with the Non-Compliance Procedures which is already applicable for various Multilateral Environmental Agreements, predominantly the Montreal Protocol. The outcomes of the ongoing climate change negotiations for post-2012 will possibly shape and guide the necessary changes to the Kyoto Protocol compliance regime as well. Thereupon, the purpose of this article is to shed light on the structure and functioning of the compliance mechanism; the mandates used by the Facilitative and Enforcement Branches; the legal nature of the decisions taken by the Compliance Committee.
Topic:: Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol
Political Geography:: Global Focus

51. The Iran Factor in US-Gulf Cooperation Council Relations

Author:: Esra Pakin Albayrakoğlu
Publication Date:: 09-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Being strategic partners as of 1980s against the common threat of Iran, the USA and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have diverged in time as regards how to treat this country. The GCC has sought to protect their interests and cultivated dialogue with Iran, while trying not to break relations with Washington. The Council insists on reintegrating Iran into the system through diplomatic means. However, the ability of the GCC to influence Iranian and USA policies are limited. At a time when multidimensional security issues render the GCC dependent upon USA defence capabilities, the USA, GCC and Iran face difficulties in reaching a common ground.
Topic:: International Security
Political Geography:: United States, Iran, Persian Gulf, and Gulf Cooperation Council

52. Review: Gender and International Security-Feminist Perspectives, Laura Sjoberg (Ed.)

Author:: Çiğdem Aydin Koyuncu
Publication Date:: 09-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Laura Sjoberg editörlüğünde hazırlanan dört ana bölüm altında on üç makaleden oluşan bu derleme kitap, toplumsal cinsiyet (gender) perspektifiyle uluslararası güvenlik kuramlarının analizini/eleştirisini ve uluslararası güvenlikle toplumsal cinsiyet arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, özellikle toplumsal cinsiyet konusunun uluslararası güvenlik alanında önemli bir yere sahip olmakla birlikte gerek kuramda gerekse uygulamada ihmal edildiği tartışılmaktadır. 2000 yılında BM Güvenlik Konseyi\'nin toplumsal cinsiyetin barışın korunması, mültecilerin idaresi, çatışma sonrası silahsızlanma, savaş sırasında savaş dışı olanların korunması gibi konulara bütünleşmesini içeren 1325 sayılı kararı kabul etmesi, küresel güvenliğin tüm alanlarında aktörleri toplumsal cinsiyet konularına yönelik daha duyarlı olmaya yöneltmiştir. Bu kitap giriş kısmında da belirtildiği gibi, geleneksel güvenlik çalışmaları ile feminist güvenlik çalışmaları arasındaki iletişimi nicelik ve nitelik açısından arttırmayı, toplumsal cinsiyet analizlerinin uluslararası güvenlik çalışmalarındaki önemini ortaya koymayı ve feminist yaklaşımların güvenlik çalışmalarındaki yerini genişletmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kitap sadece toplumsal cinsiyete yönelik varsayılan ilgisizliği sorgulamak ve toplumsal cinsiyetin güvenlik çalışmalarının bir alt başlığı olduğunu iddia etmek amacında değildir. Çalışmaya katkıda bulunanlar, toplumsal cinsiyetin kavramsal, ampirik ve normatif olarak uluslararası güvenlik çalışmalarında gerekli olduğunu ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca uluslararası güvenlik kuramları ve güvenliğin temel konuları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmakta, güvenlik alanında kadınların birer aktör olarak giderek artan rolleri analiz edilmekte ve günümüz güvenlik sorunları toplumsal cinsiyetçi bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmektedir.
Topic:: Gender Issues and International Security
Political Geography:: Global Focus

53. Review: Why Europe Fear its Neighbours? by Fabrizio Tassinari

Author:: Didem Artunç
Publication Date:: 09-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Fabrizio Tassinari, Why Europe Fear its Neighbours? (Avrupa Komşularından Neden Korkuyor?) başlıklı bu kitapta, AB'nin yakın çevresindeki ülkelerle ilişkilerine kapsamlı bir bakış açısı getirmektedir. AB ve politikaları, yazarın ana çalışma alanıdır. 2001–04 yılları arasında AB komisyonunda araştırmacı olarak görev yapan Tassinari, 2005–08 döneminde çalıştığı Kopenhag Üniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi Bölümü'nde Doçent olmuş ve aynı zamanda Avrupa Politika Çalışmaları Merkezi'nde çalışmıştır. Bugün ise Danish Institute for International Studies'de Dış Politika ve AB Çalışmaları Bölümü Başkanı ve araştırmacıdır. Tassinari'nin ilgi alanı ekonomi-politik bakış açısıyla Avrupa güvenliği ve bütünleşmesinin incelenmesidir. Bu bölgesel açıdan, Doğu Avrupa'da demokratikleşme ve devlet inşasını, Karadeniz, Baltık ve Akdeniz'de bölgesel güvenlik ve işbirliğini, AB ve NATO genişlemesi ile komşuluk politikasını, Transatlantik ilişkileri, Avrupa'nın küresel rolü ve AB dış ve güvenlik politikasını içermektedir. İnceleme konusu olan çalışma Tassinari'nin ilk kitabıdır.
Topic:: European Union
Political Geography:: Europe

54. Turkey's Nuclear Agenda: Domestic and Regional Implications

Author:: Gökhan Bacik and Sammas Salur
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The article studies the nuclear agenda of Turkey from two grounds: material and non-material. Both bases are discussed at length regarding Turkey's position in international policy at regional position and domestic level. Turkey's changing policy at home and abroad are analyzed over a sensitive issue, the nuclear, to grasp whether it would be annoying a nuclear gone state with negative aspirations or a state successful for combining its nuclear need with its liberal agenda in the region and at home. Methodologically, the issues are discussed over 'the norms model'. In order to anatomize the Turkey's changing role in the region the new institutional approaches of Turkey to neighboring countries are handled. Referring relations with her neighbors the materialistic grounds of the nuclear-rather than an identity matter-are explored especially ad-dressing Turkey's energy hunger and its need of stability in regional setting.
Political Geography:: Iran and Turkey

55. Eleştirel Gerçekçilik: Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramında Post-Pozitivizm Sonrası Aşama

Author:: Faruk Yalvaç
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Critical realism is a philosophy of science that is increasingly occupying the center of discussion in the theory of International Relations. The most important aspect of critical realism is that it shifts the focus of controversy in international relations from epistemology to ontology. According to the materialist ontology of critical realism there exists a reality independent of our observations and experiences. This is an alternative to the dominant positivist as well as post-positivist conceptions of science which associate reality either with what can be observed or with what can be said and thought in discourse. Critical realism provides an understanding of science that overcomes the difficulties of both and explains international relations as part of a totality of social relations with varying ontological depths. By defining structures in terms of social relations, critical realism presents a structural analysis of international relations different from the structuralism of neorealism and develops a transformational model of social activity which tries to avoid both the voluntarism of individualist/unit based analyses and the determinism of structuralist analyses.
Topic:: Political Theory
Political Geography:: Global Focus

56. Terörün Sosyolojisi: Toplumsal Kökenleri Anlama İmkânı

Author:: Talip Küçükcan
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Organized violence and terrorist attacks with global connections and transnational implications not only contribute to the deterioration of regional and international relations but also tend to locate and confine international relations analysis to the axis of securitization. Much of the studies on collective violence and terrorism focus on security aspects of such acts but fail to address social roots of conflicts adequately. This article seeks to draw attention to the significance of sociological analysis of acts of terrorism in light of recent scholarship. It argues that without a thorough analysis of social contexts of such acts, fighting terrorism and violence will not be effective and international relations will deteriorate further. Therefore the article concludes that a 'sociology of terrorism' based on interdisciplinary method and approach will complement international relations theory and provide rational grounds to take effective policy measures against acts of terror.
Topic:: Terrorism, International Security, and Counter-terrorism
Political Geography:: Global Focus

57. A Theoretical Evaluation of Different Faces of Power: US-Turkey Relations Towards Iraq

Author:: Ahmet Sözen
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This paper focuses on the use of different forms of power by a (leader/patron/hegemonic) state to get the other (non-leader/client) states to cooperate with its policies. Most of the literature on cooperation operates on the level of bargaining power where the policy changes are directly visible. This article aims to show how the bargaining power model is not adequate in capturing the complete picture of the relationship between Turkey (a non-leader/client state) and the United States (leader/patron state) in their cooperation with regard to Iraq during the Gulf Crisis (1990) and the War against Iraq (2003). Hence, I attempt to show that the three levels of power as discussed by Krause is a better and more comprehensive framework for understanding and explaining the power relationship between Turkey and the US.
Political Geography:: United States, Iraq, and Turkey

58. An Analysis of the Headscarf Issue in Feminist Debates in Germany

Author:: Berrin Koyuncu Lorasdağı and Hilal Onur İnce
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This study intends to be a discussion of the headscarf issue in the German context. Germany stands as a peculiar case with its return to its historical background as a culture-oriented nation after the Second World War. In this article, it is contended that this orientation evinces itself in the feminist debates on the headscarf affair in Germany. Thus the aim here is to reveal that in the 2000s both in pro and contra-headscarf feminist debates, the headscarf issue, in the specific case of Germany, is restricted to be understood as a cultural matter.
Political Geography:: Germany

59. Nükleer Enerji Sahibi Olma Kararını Etkileyen Faktörler ve Türkiye için Tahminler

Author:: Bülent Köksal and Abdülkadir Civan
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Using data for 67 countries for the period 1980-2005, we analyze to what extent do the decisions of having nuclear power and the share of nuclear energy in total energy use depend on economic, political, social and geographic factors. Our econometric model that takes the selectivity problems of the sample into consideration reveals a positive relationship between per capita real income and the probability of selecting to have nuclear power. This relationship, however, weakens as the level of income further increases. We also find that, the probability of opting for nuclear power continuously increases for Turkey starting from 1990s and becomes approximately 45 per cent by 2007. When we use the new GDP series of Turkish Statistical Institute in our estimations, the estimated probability of selection of nuclear energy for Turkey increases to approximately 60 per cent. Finally, we find that if Turkey had a nuclear power generator today, the share of nuclear energy in total energy would be approximately between 14 to 16 percent.
Topic:: Nuclear Power
Political Geography:: Turkey

60. European Governance and Damovracy: Power and Protest in the EU Richard Balme and Didier Chabanet

Author:: Ahmet Arabaci
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Balme ve Didier'in kitabı, Avrupa'daki yönetişim ve demokrasiyi hem teorik çerçevesi, hem de ampirik bulgularıyla incelemektedir. Yazarlar, Avrupa'daki gelişmeleri hem Avrupa Birliği (AB) entegrasyonunun getirdiği siyasal fırsat yapıları ve tehditleri bağlamında, hem de AB'yi ve Avrupa ülkelerini etkileyen küresel siyasal aktiviteler bağlamında analiz etmektedirler.
Political Geography:: Europe

61. Diplomasi ve Göç: Türk-Yunan Mübadelesinin Öteki Yüzü Onur YILDIRIM

Author:: Duygu Öztür
Publication Date:: 01-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: 2006 yılında yayınlanan Diplomasi ve Göç Türk Yunan Mübadelesinin Öteki Yüzü , Doç. Dr. Onur Yıldırım'ın Princeton Üniversitesi'nde hazırlamış olduğu doktora tezinin Türkçe'ye çevirisidir. Bu çalışmada, Türk ve Yunan tarih yazınında önemli yerlere sahip olan zorunlu mübadele konusunun eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılmaktadır.

62. Between Russian Assertiveness and Insecurity: Georgia's Political Challenges and Prospect after the Conflict

Author:: Kornely K. Kakachia
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Since its independence, Georgia has been one of the most vocally independent- minded countries among the Soviet Union's successor states. As Georgia's ambitions to draw closer to Europe and the transatlantic community have grown, its relations with Russia have deteriorated. After the Russian aggression and under the global financial crisis Georgia faces security dilemma exacerbated by ambivalent prospect of its Euro-Atlantic integration. The article explores current political challenges in Georgia and “new tone” of Russia's diplomacy aimed to win ideological battle inside the Georgia. It also deals with Georgia's National security issues aftermath of “five day war” and prospects of Russo-Georgian relations.
Political Geography:: Russia, Soviet Union, and Georgia

63. OSCE Early Warning in Georgia

Author:: Dov Lynch
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Mission to Georgia led OSCE early warning and conflict prevention activities. The Mission was established in December 1992 with the mandate to promote negotiations between the parties to the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in order to reach a political settlement. The article discusses the policies and activities of the OSCE in order to prevent conflict and ensure its peaceful settlement in the country.
Political Geography:: Europe and Georgia

64. The Evolution of US Policy towards the Southern Caucasus

Author:: S. Neil MacFarlane and George Khelashvili
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article examines the evolution of American policy in the Southern Caucasus since 1991. It begins with a discussion of the principal drivers of that policy. A discussion of the evolution of the policy since the end of the Cold War follows. The article argues that US policy in the region has been ad hoc and inconsistent, reflecting ideological considerations (democracy promotion in Georgia), economic interests (access to Caspian Basin energy product and the development of US relations with Azerbaijan), US minority lobbying (US policy towards the Karabagh conflict), and idiosyncratic leadership preference (the personal relationship between Presidents Bush and Saakashvili). This amalgam reflected the weakness of strategic drivers and notably Russia's inability to act on its hegemonic aspirations in the region. As Russian power increases, and its effort to rebuild its influence in the Southern Caucasus grows, the strategic framing of US policy may also be expected to strengthen.
Political Geography:: Russia, United States, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and South Caucasus

65. Feminist Uluslararası İlişkiler Yaklaşımı: Temelleri, Gelişimi, Katkı ve Sorunları

Author:: Özlem Tür Tür and Çiğdem Aydın Koyuncu
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article aims at analyzing the major arguments, criticisms and contributions of the feminist international relations approach, which started to become important in the discipline from late 1980s onwards. Feminist international relations approach argues that there is a hidden male perspective in the discipline and female ideas, problems and changes that women go through are neglected. International Relations discipline is also criticised for being particularistic and subjective. This article will first look at the development of the feminist approach in the international relations discipline and analyze its major criticisms of traditional theories and concepts. The article will later look at different types of feminism and will question the contributions and limitations of the feminist approach to the international relations discipline.
Topic:: Women
Political Geography:: Global Focus

66. 1995 was a Good Year for the South Caucasus

Author:: Gerard J. Libaridian
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The article discusses the inter-ethnic conflicts in the South Caucasus while focusing on the policies of the leaders of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia and offers an illuminating account on the role of leadership in conflict resolution while taking into account domestic, regional and international settings. The author considers 1995 as the first year of stabilized region and discusses the reasons why this rare opportunity for conflict resolution in the South Caucasus offered by 1995 was not realized.
Political Geography:: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and South Caucasus

67. Bâb-ı Âlî'nin Avrupa'ya Çevrilmiş İki Gözü: Eflak ve Boğdan'da Fenerli Voyvodalar (1711-1821)

Author:: Cafer Çiftçi
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The process of 1711-1821 is a different period in terms of governance of Wallachia and Moldavia. In these years, the Ottoman Empire relinquished to appoint local governors for governance of Wallachia and Moldavia and assigned as voivodes the Greek families from the Phanar working in translations of Supreme Court and navy for years. These voivodes selected from aristocratic families residing in Phanar (Fener) district of Istanbul took many important tasks in both governorship in the region they appointed and correspondences with neighbour states in terms of foreign relations of Ottoman Empire and intelligence of confidential activities of them. In this study, Phanariotes are evaluated under light of original historical sources in terms of their positions in Ottoman Empire, their interpreting activities, their appointment to Wallachia and Moldavia as voivode, their intelligence works during period of governorship for Ottoman Empire on political developments and agreements in Europe by means of their intelligencers.
Topic:: History
Political Geography:: Turkey and Moldavia

68. Foreign Policies of the States of the Caucasus: Evolution in the Post-Soviet Period

Author:: Brenda Shaffer
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The article examines the development of the foreign policies and strategies of the three states of the Caucasus-Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia—in the post-Soviet period. The article claims that ideology and identity have had little impact on the alliances and foreign policy orientations adopted by the three states. Second, the three states of the Caucasus adopted fundamentally different policies toward Russia. Third, geographic factors have had significant influence on their foreign policy options. Fourth, managing the results of the secessionist conflicts has been a major goal of their foreign policy efforts and the conflicts are a useful lever of neighboring powers. Fifth, the foreign policy making capability of the three states has expanded significantly. Last, the foreign policy options of the three states have been limited by the policies of the major powers in the region.
Political Geography:: Caucasus, Soviet Union, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

69. Post-Soviet Political Transformation in Azerbaijan: Political Elite, Civil Society and the Trials of Democratization

Author:: Ayça Ergun
Publication Date:: 08-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The aim of this article is to analyze the process of post-Soviet transformation in Azerbaijan while focusing on the process of democratization, peculiarities of the leadership and political elite, success and failure in electoral politics, and development of civil society. I argue that the politics of the post-independence period was shaped by the conflicting co-existence of patterns of continuity and change which determined the path of political transformation in Azerbaijan.
Political Geography:: Soviet Union and Azerbaijan

70. CONTENTS

Publication Date:: 10-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: No abstract is available.

71. Uluslararası Güç Dengeleri Bağlamında Uluslararası Finans Sisteminin Yeniden Yapılandırılması: Disiplinlerarası Bir Değerlendirme

Author:: Gökhan Özkan
Publication Date:: 10-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The global financial crisis triggered debate on restructuring international financial system. In this study, restructuring process of the international financial system is evaluated within the context of international balance of power. It is argued that it is insufficient to focus only on the economic dimension, but restructuring should be evaluated by taking into account international political dynamics. This work looks at how differences of opinion between the developed countries, particularly the G-7 countries and the developing (emerging?) countries, particularly Brazil, Russia, India and China shape the process. It is anticipated that the restructuring process will proceed at a modest pace because of the asymmetry of interests and the gap between the understandings of the developing and developed countries about reforming the decision-making mechanisms of the IMF and the World Bank and the diversification of the international monetary system. It is concluded that the new shape of the international financial architecture will depend on the international politics and balance of power as well as the evolution of the global crisis and the economic dynamics.
Topic:: International Trade and Finance, International Monetary Fund, Financial Crisis, and World Bank
Political Geography:: Russia, China, India, and Brazil

72. Türkiye'de Sivil-Asker İlişkisinin Unutulan Boyutları

Author:: Ali Karaosmanoğlu and Behice Özlem Gökakın
Publication Date:: 10-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Many analysts, in explaining civil-military relations in Turkey often develop their arguments within the framework of a binary and conflict-oriented paradigm. Although the confrontational analyses have long been reflective of certain aspects of the Turkish case their explanatory value is increasingly fading as a result of newly crystallizing trends characterized by an intense cooperation between the democratically elected government and the General Staff. The main defect of the dichotomous and confrontational paradigm is that it overlooks three fundamental epistemological approaches: the rational (strategic) action approach; the international structural-institutional approach, and the cultural approach.
Topic:: International Cooperation and Military Affairs
Political Geography:: Turkey

73. Kosova'nın Bağımsızlığı ve Türk Dış Politikası (1990-2008)

Author:: Birgül Demirtaş Coşkun
Publication Date:: 10-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article seeks to analyze Turkey's policies toward the Kosovo issue since the early 1990's. While Turkey had pursued a rather cautious policy concerning the independence of Kosovo during the Albanian-Serbian conflict, it extended diplomatic recognition only one day after Kosovo declared independence. Turkish recognition took place at a time when countries like Russia and Serbia were objecting to it and a heavy debate was going on regarding whether the Kosovo independence was in line with the international law. The main research question of this study is why Turkey decided to extend its diplomatic recognition on 18 February 2008. The main argument of the paper is that change in Turkish foreign policy toward Kosovo is instrumental and tactical and does not represent a radical transformation. The decision-makers in Turkey continue to follow the line of the Western countries in the first decade of the 21st century as it had been the case during the Cold War and in the 1990's. The article makes it clear that Ankara prepared the necessary background for the recognition of Kosovo in the recent years step by step.
Topic:: Foreign Policy
Political Geography:: Turkey and Kosovo

74. Dış İlişkiler Kapsamında Avrupa Birliği'nin Tüzel Kişiliği ve Lizbon Antlaşması

Author:: Derya Büyüktanir
Publication Date:: 10-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This paper examines the European Union’s legal personality in terms of external relations. The developments from the onset of the European integration till the Lisbon Treaty and the structural characteristics of the Union are analyzed in this paper. The Union’s participation and representation in international organizations and the third countries and the problems encountered during the implementation process are examined. The legal personality of the former European Community was abolished with the Lisbon Treaty which took force in 2009. Treaty also contains a catalogue of competence that has brought about some structural changes. As a legal entity the European Union after the Lisbon Treaty will no longer be the object of some problems related with its legal personality. But the extent to which these changes can lead to orchestrated behavior in external politics and solve the problems of representation is highly doubtful.
Topic:: International Relations and European Union
Political Geography:: Europe and European Union

75. Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin Yaşamın ve Sağlığın Korunması ile İlgili Olarak Taraf Devletlere Yüklediği Pozitif Yükümlülükler

Author:: Yüksel Metin
Publication Date:: 10-2010
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: In this study, through the concept of positive obligation, the reproductions of positive obligations are clarified, and the positive obligations that the European Convention on Human Rights have imposed on the state parties within the framework of the protection of life and health are presented. At the same time, the approach of the European Court of Human Rights towards protection and use of the rights in the Convention in an effective manner is emphasized. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is used in ascertaining the positive obligations of the Contracting Parties within the area of protection of life and health.
Topic:: Health and Human Rights
Political Geography:: Europe

76. Homeros'dan Hobbes ve Ötesine: "Güvenlik" Kavramının Avrupa Geleneğindeki Boyutları

Author:: J. Frederik M. Arends
Publication Date:: 09-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article examines the historical development of the concept of security in two phases. In the first phase, the word coined by the Romans as 'securitas' and accompanied from the beginning by ambivalence and religious connotations had conceded most of its territory to 'certitudo' at the end of the Middle Ages. In the second phase starting in the times of Thomas Hobbes, it became one of the paradigmatic 'great words' of the modern state. In this phase, 'security' became associated with the genesis of the authoritarian 'super state' committed to the prevention of civil war. This article starts by elaborating the connection between Thomas Hobbes and the ancient Greek historian Thucydides and proceeds by examining the usages of the concept by several contemporary authors.
Topic:: Political Theory and History
Political Geography:: Europe

77. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Turkish Parliamentary Debates (1992-1995): A Constructivist Approach

Author:: Didem Ekinci
Publication Date:: 09-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: While fully engaged in efforts of suppressing the armed violence in the former Yugoslavia at the turn of the century, Ankara could foresee the coming events, repeatedly called for immediate multilateral action, and argued adamantly about who the aggressor and victim were as opposed to the relevant ambiguity in the West. Central to policy formulations at political parties were Turkey's Balkan heritage/identity, stance against aggression, and the significance of Balkan routes for Turkey. Drawing upon detailed empirical data obtained from parliamentary discussions in three frames, this study examines under which circumstances the Turkish 'state', its identity, interests and intersubjectivities we re at work shaping Turkey's foreign policy towards Bosnia. Finally, it is emphasized that Ankara's foreign policy towards the war was competent despite coalition governments composed of different political mainstreams.
Political Geography:: Bosnia, Herzegovina, Turkey, and Serbia

78. Soykırım Suçu ve Devletin Sorumluluğu: Uluslararası Adalet Divanı'nın Bosna-Hersek v. Sırbistan-Karadağ Kararı

Author:: Ozan Değer
Publication Date:: 09-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Genocide, as an act and a violation of law, place at the top of the hierarchy of crimes and is qualified as crime of crimes. Essentially, being evaluated within the frame of international law, this crime gradually has been come within the scope of the national law. Either the conception or the crime of genocide was composed because of the massacres executed during the WWII, mainly. The basic legal arrangement about the crime was passed at 9 December 1948 and come into effect at 12 January 1951 named United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Convention is obliged the states on the prevention and the punishment of the crime of genocide. Since international criminal courts/tribunals are restricted by the principle of individual criminal responsibility and the Convention incurs the obligation on states, the violation of the Convention causes the responsibility of states. This article, under the light of the conceptional and legal frame, discusses the obligations and responsibilities incur by the Convention and the dramatic judgment of the ICJ, in short, the place and situation of crime of genocide and state responsibility at the legal texts and international jurisprudences.
Topic:: Genocide and International Law
Political Geography:: Global Focus

79. Türkiye Kamuoyu ve Avrupa Birliği 2001- 2008: Beklentiler, İstekler ve Korkular

Author:: Özgehan Şenyuva
Publication Date:: 09-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This study examines general trends of Turkish public opinion towards the European Union between 2001 and 2008. It uses the Euro Barometer data of the European Commission. The main research question focuses on overtime stability of the support for Turkey's membership to the EU. In parallel to the support for membership, the main contours of Turkish public perceptions towards EU and European identity are also examined. When the main attitudes towards the EU between 200 and 2008 are analyzed, it appears that the EU is significantly losing its credibility and support among Turkish citizens. The support for Turkish membership is also in decline and going through major fluctuations.
Topic:: Public Opinion
Political Geography:: Turkey and European Union

80. The Montenegrin Policy of Expansion towards Albania before the Balkan War and the 1912 Summer Campaign

Author:: Çınar Özen Özen, Yelda Demirağ, and Ahmet Tetik
Publication Date:: 09-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Montenegro launched a large-scale military attack on Northern Albania and the Sancak border region in 1912. Many writers have analyzed this military operation in the framework of the border disputes between Montenegro and Ottoma n State as their borders were not clearly established by the Berlin Treat y (June 13-July 13 1878) According to this view, the fighting that took place had a limited scale and scope. Our study is based on the material at the Ottoman Ministry of War archives. The documents assert that the said fighting was widespread and violent. The main argument of this work is that this military operation of Montenegro was not of limited scope, and the result of reacting to immediate challenges, but was a war which went beyond border skirmishes. Especially the Montenegrin operation which began at the end of July was a planned, large-scale, and violent military operation. This study is based on the idea that Montenegro started this fight upon the successful conclusion of Serbian-Bulgarian negotiations and when a Balkan War became imminent at the beginning of 1912, in order to achieve gains and to anticipate Serbia.
Political Geography:: Serbia, Bulgaria, Balkans, Albania, and Berlin

81. The Tulip Revolution: Kyrgyzstan One Year After

Author:: Erica Marat
Publication Date:: 09-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Erica Marat tarafından kaleme alınan The Tulip Revolution: Kyrgyzstan One Year After (Lale Devrimi: Bir Yıl Sonra Kırgızistan) başlıklı bu kitap, Kırgızistan'da 24 Mart 2005 tarihinde Kırgız halkının büyük baskısı sonucu Cumhurbaşkanı Askar Akayev'in iktidardan uzaklaştırılması ile gerçekleşen ve Lale Devrimi olarak adlandırılan olaylardan sonraki bir yıllık süreci tüm ayrıntılarıyla ele almaktadır. Aslen bir Kırgız olan Erica Marat, bu özelliŞinin saŞladıŞı avantajı kullanarak Lale Devriminden sonraki bir yıl içerisinde Kırgızistan'ın iç ve dış politikasının nasıl şekillendiŞini, Jamestown Foundation'a baŞlı olan Eurasia Daily Monitor'de yayınlan yazılarından yararlanarak tarihsel bir şekilde anlatmaktadır. Erica Marat'ın ülkesinin iç dinamiklerini çok iyi bilen bir araştırmacı olması ve yerel kaynaklardan yararlanabilmesi eserine özgünlük katmıştır. Kitap, Lale Devrimi'nin yıldönümünde yayınlamış olması ve bu bir yılda yaşanılanları sıcaŞı sıcaŞına anlatması bakımından da oldukça ilgi çekicidir. Söz konusu kitapta, özellikle 24 Mart'ta yaşanılanlardan sonra kurulan geçici hükümetle birlikte daha önce Akayev hükümetinde görev almış fakat Akayev tarafından siyasetten uzaklaştırıldıktan sonra muhalefete katılmış Kurmanbek Bakiyev'in Kırgız siyaset sahnesindeki konumu anlatılmaktadır. Ayrıca, kitapta Kırgızistan'da 24 Mart sonrası geçiş döneminde yaşanılan istikrar sorunları, Özbekistan'da gerçekleşen Andican olaylarının komşusu Kırgızistan'a nasıl yansıdıŞı, ülkedeki Amerikan ve Rus üslerinin durumu, Kırgızistan'daki CumhurbaşkanlıŞı seçimleri sırasında ve sonrasında Lale Devrimine imza atan liderler arasında yaşanan çekişmelere yer verilmektedir. Buna ek olarak, kitapta yer alan diŞer önemli bir unsur ise Lale Devrimi ardından, yeni bir Cumhurbaşkanı ve yeni bir iktidarla birlikte Kırgızistan'da ülkenin baŞımsızlıŞını kazanmasından beri var olan yolsuzluk, nepotizm, bölgesel kayırmacılık, mafya-siyaset ilişkisi ve demokratikleşme gibi konuların nasıl bir aşama geçirdiŞidir. Tüm bu noktalara deŞinirken yazar tarafsızlıŞını korumak adına kendi görüşlerini dile getirmekten mümkün oldukça kaçınmıştır. Hatta yazarın bu dönemle ilgi diŞer yazıları göz önünde bulundurulduŞunda üslubunun çok yumuşak olduŞu söylenilebilir. Yazarın konuları ele alırken Kırgız halkı ile yaptıŞı röportajlara yer vermesi anlatımını büyük ölçüde zenginleştirmekte ve hem iç politikada hem de dış politikada yaşanılanlar konusunda Kırgızların neler düşündüŞünü okuyucuya net bir şekilde yansıtmaktadır.
Political Geography:: Eurasia and Kyrgyzstan

82. Kimlik Adına Öldürmek: Kanlı Çatışmalar Üzerine Bir şnceleme

Author:: Vamık D. VOLKAN
Publication Date:: 09-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Vamık Volkan Kimlik Adına Öldürmek: Kanlı Çatışmalar Üzerine Bir şnceleme başlıklı kitabında geniş grup kimliŞi ile düşman elinden çıkan kitlesel travma arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanmaktadır. Yazar, eserini üç temel bölüme ayırmıştır. Bunlar sırasıyla; “Gürcistan Aklımdan Hiç Çıkmıyor”, “Toplumsal Travma ve Kuşaktan KuşaŞa Aktarım”, “Yan Yana Var Olan Kimlikler: Birlikte Var Olmak Olanaklı mı?” başlıklarını taşımaktadır. Kitabın birinci bölümünde Gürcistan, üçüncü bölümünde Estonya örnekleriyle geniş grup kimliŞiile ilişkili etnik sorunlar ve gayrı resmi diplomatik çabaların etkinliŞi üzerinde duran yazar, ikinci bölümde ise toplumsal travmaların sebepleri ve sonuçları konusunu araştırmıştır.

83. USA and The New Middle East

Author:: Eddie J. Girdner
Publication Date:: 12-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: When the world met with what was really going on in Iraq through the public disclosure of the Abu Ghraib incident in the mass media, in one of my second year courses, despite the common abhorren ce, most of the students agreed that the torturers were personally not responsible for the violence since they were doing their jobs, acting professionally, obeying the commands of the authorities. In fact, what was going on Iraq had already been apparent and functioning long before the US attack on the country, in alliance with Britain. It had already embraced the world under different masks. But its appearance in the visual media left no room for pretexts and for discursive legitimation of capitalist rationality in terms of “sacrifices” from humanity –in terms of alienation- for the sake of the whole world. In this respect, the comments of the second year students in a country, which has been living under neoliberal capitalist system, sponsored by the IMF and World Bank among other international financial institutions, was telling in terms of the hidden recognition of the extent of self- alienation in the capitalist world. The torturers were assumed to have no responsibility due to their alienation; they were just doing their jobs, abiding by the contracts that they signed. The above argument for personal irresponsibility is cruel and feeds the violence that Iraq an d the Iraqis have been facing since the US invasion of Iraq.
Political Geography:: United States, Iraq, and Middle East

84. Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramında Yapan-Yapı Sorunu

Author:: Alexander E. Wendt
Publication Date:: 12-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory. In this article the nature of structural analysis in each of neorealist and world-system theory are clarified and contrast. The author's primary interest, however, is to critique the conceptions of structural theory found in each of them, and to use this critique to motivate the development of a new approach to structural theorizing about international relations adapted from the work of "structuration theorists" in sociology. In the first section, the author examines the nature of the agent-structure “problem” and briefly identifies the principal kinds of solutions to it. In the second section the author suggests that neorealism and world-system theory embody two of these solutions, the methodological individualist and structuralist ones, respectively. In the third section structurationist approach and its foundations in realist philosophy of science are being defined. In the fourth section, some general epistemological and theoretical implications of structuration theory for the explanation of state action are examined. In the conclusion, the author returns to some implications of scientific realism for social scientific research.
Topic:: International Relations and Political Theory
Political Geography:: Global Focus

85. Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorisinde Yerel- Görüşlülük ve Doğu\'nun Özneselliği

Author:: Bahar Rumelili
Publication Date:: 12-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: I argue that International Relations Theory has not been able to transcend its parochialism because it continues to negate the agency of the East. By analyzing the articles published in four leading journals of the discipline between 2002-2007, I find that the number of studies that focus on the East have indeed increased, but most of these studies continue to situate the cases derived from the East in the context of West-centric theories. Even critical approaches continue to position the West as the main subject of international relations and dismiss the mutual constitution and interaction between the East and the West, and the local and global. I contend that the generation of non-Western IR theories is not going to pose an adequate challenge to West-centrism; what is necessary is the formulation of specific propositions on East-West relations that directly counter the established assumptions of West-centric theories.
Topic:: Political Theory
Political Geography:: America, Europe, and Asia

86. Uluslararası Politikada Karşılıklı Bağımlılık ve Küreselleşme Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Author:: Muharrem Gürkaynak and Serhan Yalçıner
Publication Date:: 12-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This study aims to evaluate the current position of the interdependence theory which existed in the literature of international relations for over thirty years. The study focuses particularly on the theory of interdependence as formulated by Keohane and Nye and its development. Keohane and Nye's pluralist understanding of international relations got into transformation and drove through several stages with the international system itself. After its early years, the pattern of interdependence has followed up a line of evolution from complex interdependence to globalism The study, after evaluating these stages, discusses the term of interdependence within the context of USA-Japan relations and the linkage of USA with international leadership, and arrives at the conclusion that the terms of interdependence and globalization are not equivalent, but complementary.
Topic:: Political Theory
Political Geography:: United States and Japan

87. China-Africa Relations in the 21st Century: Engagement, Compromise and Controversy

Author:: Keiran E. Uchehara
Publication Date:: 12-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: China's foreign policy agenda in Africa forms a part of its thrust to foster cooperation among the developing countries and demonstrate its status as an emerging superpower. The 2000 Beijing Declaration and the Program for China-Africa Cooperation in Economic and Social Development are the basis of the renewed relations. China has developed diverse and varied relations with Africa in all spheres of interaction. However, Africa's mineral and energy resources, required by China's bourgeoning industry, are the major attraction of its re-engagement with Africa in the 21st century. The accelerated growth of China's trade and investment in Africa has stirred controversy among academics and policy makers in terms of the nature of opportunities and challenges for the continent's development, and whether a neo-colonial pattern of relationship akin to the one with the West is likely to develop. The imbalance in trade and investment relations, partly due to economic asymmetries, and China's failure to condemn the repressive African governments and poorly managed economies point to a foreign economic policy which is self-serving and influenced by immediate short-term gains.
Political Geography:: Africa and China

88. The Specific Intent (Dolus Specialis) Requirement of the Crime of Genocide: Confluence or Conflict between the Practice of Ad Hoc Tribunals and ICJ

Author:: Yusuf Aksar
Publication Date:: 12-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The international community has been witnessing the first ever interpretation and application of the Genocide Convention through the practice of the ad hoc tribunals at the international level. The significance of the practice lies in the interpretation of the elements of the crime of genocide an d in the clarification of its substantive content. In addition to the practice of the ad hoc tribunals, the International Court of Justice (the ICJ) in its judgement in the Case Concerning the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Case) had to, amongst other issues, deal with the requirements of the crime of genocide. However, the findings of both the ad hoc tribunals and the ICJ in proving the existence of the genocidal intent and the attribution of responsibility are too different from one to other. Should such a situation be perceived as a confluence or conflict in international law?

89. Special Territories in European Union and North Cyprus: A Sui Generis Relationship Under Community Law

Author:: Hacer Soykan Adaoğlu
Publication Date:: 12-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: On May 1st, 2004, the Republic of Cyprus became a full member of the European Union (EU) on behalf of the whole island. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which is not recognized as a member state, is within the European Union borders but it is outside the territory of the internal market. The EU has special legal arrangements for North Cyprus which makes it a special territory within the EU. However, there are other territories within the EU with special regimes. This paper examines the relationship between North Cyprus and the EU in comparison with the legal regimes established for other territories. The paper aims to determine the differences between North Cyprus and other territories in terms of status within the EU, legal arrangements and access to the internal market.
Political Geography:: Europe

90. Hegel, Dünya Tarihi ve Özgürlük Mücadelesi Olarak Uluslararası İlişkiler

Author:: Faruk Yalvaç
Publication Date:: 05-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: This article attempts to evaluate Hegel's theory of international relations in the context of his general philosophy of history. Hegel defines history as a struggle for freedom for mutual recognition. This is true for individuals as well as for states. The struggle for recognition and freedom is a constant feature of social life. Therefore, it would be wrong to interpret Hegel's philosophy as implying that the struggle for freedom has been completed in the modern nation state and that history has come to an end. However, according to Hegel it would be impossible to predict the future shape of the international society and the form which the struggle for freedom will take as “it is just as foolish to fancy that any philosophy can transcend its present world, as that an individual could leap out of his time or jump over Rhodes. ”
Topic:: Political Theory and History
Political Geography:: Global Focus

91. Ulusaşırı Yandaşlık Ağbağları Perspektifinden Türkiye\'de Demokratikleşme, İnsan Hakları ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları

Author:: Bican Şahin and Mete Yildiz
Publication Date:: 05-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The purpose of this study is to examine the cooperation between the foreign and domestic NGOs that work in the realm of democratization and human rights in Turkey. The theoretical framework is provided by the literature on “transnational advocacy networks”. Archival research and semi-structured in-depth interviews with the representatives of both foreign and national NGOs are employed as the two main methodological approaches. The findings show that these NGOs share resources such as power, information, experience and money in order to overcome limitations in their political and social environments.
Topic:: Human Rights
Political Geography:: Turkey

92. Darfur: Koruma Yükümlülüğü ve İnsancıl Müdahale Kavramları Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme

Author:: Funda Keskin
Publication Date:: 05-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: There is no doubt that gross human rights violations in Darfur exceed the limits of the responsibility to protect of the international community. During the discussions about the situation in Darfur in the Security Council, especially China and Russia put forward the principle of state sovereignty as an argument against intervention. Whatever the result about this contention, it is not possible to take a decision at the Security Council authorizing the member states to intervene in Darfur due to veto right of the permanent members. The African Union as the regional organization would not able to intervene due to its limited capacity and the lack of political will. According to some commentators and states, states like the US or the European Union members who endorse the concept of the responsibility to protect must be able to intervene. Nevertheless, although they never accepted the objection based on the state sovereignty, these states do not have the required political will to intervene by force. This brings us to the result that the major criticism directed against the humanitarian intervention which is its application on a selective basis, persists for the concept of the responsibility to protect as well.
Political Geography:: Africa, Russia, China, and Europe

93. Global Inequality: The Current Debate, It's Importance and Policy Recommendations

Author:: Selim Erdem Aytaç
Publication Date:: 05-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Despite the recent popularity of the subject of global inequality in the literature, most studies focus only on the debate about the direction and magnitude of change of global inequality during the last few decades, without deliberating about the different policy recommendations needed to address it. This article aims to fill this gap in the literature by reviewing the contemporary research on global inequality with an emphasis on different policy recommendations. In order to introduce the bigger picture, the study also presents a discussion on the latest findings on the level of global inequality and why it should be considered as a significant problem for humanity.

94. Sırp İsyanının Uluslararası Boyutu (1804–1813)

Author:: Selim Aslantaş
Publication Date:: 05-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The Serbian uprising (1804-1813), which played a very critical role in the disintegration of Ottoman regime in the Balkans, is one of the most important events in the modern history. It broke out against Dayis who captured the Semendire sanjak (territorial core of 19th century's Serbia) and established an oppressive regime over the Serbians. In the initial phase, the uprising had only a local dimension. When the Ottoman government regarded the uprising as an opportunity to eliminate the Dayis' regime, it supported the rebels. But in a short time, it went well beyond its local character and became an international question. Up to its end in 1813, it preserved this character. In this study we try to answer the following questions: why and how did Serbian uprising become an international question? What were the basic dynamics of the international dimension of Serbian uprising? What were the policies of Ottoman Empire and Great Powers toward the uprising? Which factors were important to the changing of these policies?
Topic:: Government and History
Political Geography:: Serbia and Balkans

95. Critical Security Studies and World Politics

Author:: Hazırlayan Burcu Yavuz
Publication Date:: 05-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Realizm, temel olarak, uluslararası sistemde devletlerin Oaeksholt'un hiçbir yere çıkmayan uçsuz bucaksız denizine benzetilebilecek anarşi ortamında faaliyet gösterdiŞi; bu sebeple, tek hedeflerinin hayatta kalmak olduŞu ve bunu ise sadece silahlanma ile saŞlayabilecekleri düşüncesi üzerine kuruludur. En başından itibaren, alternatif düşünceleri yadsıyan ve evrensel bilgi iddiasında olan realizmin hâkimiyetinde kalan güvenlik çalışmaları, güvenlik arayışında soruların ve cevapların önceden belirlendiŞi muhafazakâr bir alan olagelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, realizmin tek taraflı olarak ilan ettiŞi hâkimiyeti sorgulamaya başlayan alternatif yaklaşımların 1980'lerden itibaren güvenlik çalışmaları sahnesinde belirmeye başlaması, yeni bir dönemin habercisi olmuştur. Güvenlik arayışlarını paradoksal bir biçimde artan bir güvensizlikle sonuçlandıran yerleşik düşünce anlayışına karşı çıkan eleştirel güvenlik çalışmaları, ezberleri bozan söylemiyle alternatif yaklaşımlar arasındaki yerini 1990'larda almıştır. Eleştirel güvenlik düşüncesinin temelinde, güvenlik parametrelerinde eş zamanlı bir derinleşme ve genişlemeyle, alanı, realizmin sonsuza kadar yaşamaya mahkûm ettiŞi, içinde sorgulanması mümkün olmayan soyutlamaların yer aldıŞı Weber'in demir kafesinin dışına çıkarma vizyonu yer almaktadır. (s. 4) Bu çerçevede, Stephen Walt'ın 1991'de yayınlanan ve alanın köşe taşlarından biri kabul edilen makalesinde iddia ettiŞi gibi, güvenlik çalışmalarının rönesansını 1970'lerde realizmin yeniden güçlenmesiyle yaşadıŞı kabul edilirse; yerleşik düşünce kalıplarını önceden benzeri görülmemiş bir şekilde sorgulayan eleştirel güvenlik yaklaşımlarının sahneye çıkmasıyla güvenlik çalışmalarında büyük bir devrimin eşiŞine gelindiŞi söylenebilir.

96. Türk Dış Politikasında Zorlayıcı Diplomasi

Author:: Elif Hatun Kiliçbeylşa
Publication Date:: 05-2009
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Gündelik dilde ve akademik kullanımda “Diplomasi” kavramı çok çeşitli tanımlara sahiptir. Neredeyse her Siyaset Bilimi düşünürünün, teorisyenin; her devlet başkanı, her dışişleri bakanının ve hatta her diplomatın kendi farklı tanımı vardır. En genel tanımıyla Diplomasi, en az iki devlet arasında, var olan veya potansiyel sorun olabilecek konularda karşılıklı diyalog ve müzakere yoluyla sorunun çözümüne yönelik her türden çabayı ifade etmektedir. Oysa bu genel tanımda belirtilen diyalog ve müzakerenin her zaman dış politikada tek araç/yöntem olduŞunu söylemek güçtür. Kimi zaman diyalog ve müzakerenin dilini “güç”e dayandırmak gerekir. Böylesi bir durumda Temel şskit'in ifadesiyle, “'zorlayıcı güç' diplomasinin mi yoksa dış politikanın mı aracıdır?” sorusu akla gelmektedir. Devletler diplomatik müzakerelerin çıkmaza girdiŞi durumlarda kuvvet kullanmaya dayalı bir “etki” yönteminden yararlanmayı pek çok açıdan tercih edebilirler.
Topic:: Diplomacy
Political Geography:: Turkey

97. The Emerging Structure of International Politics

Author:: Kenneth Waltz
Publication Date:: 03-2008
Content Type:: Journal Article
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: During the Cold War, the bipolar structure od international system and the nuclear weaponry avaliable to some states combined to perpetuate a troubled peace. As the bipolar era draws to a close, one has to question the likely structural changes in prospect. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, bipolarity endures, albeit in an altered state, because Russia stil takes care of itself and no great powers have emerged yet. With the waning of Russian power, the United States is no longer held in check by any other country. Balance of power theory leads one to assume that other powers, alone or in concert, will bring American power into balance. Considing the likely changes in the structure of international system, one can presuppose that three political units may rise to great-power rank: Germany or a West European state, Japan and China. Despite all the progress achieved by these countries, for some years to come, the United States will be the leading counrty economically as well as militarily.
Topic:: Cold War, International Political Economy, Nuclear Weapons, Politics, and Political Theory
Political Geography:: Russia, United States, Japan, China, Europe, and Germany

98. The Crime of Genocide in Internatioanal Law and Underlying Social Structures of the Crime: Rwanda Case

Author:: Ebru Çoban
Publication Date:: 03-2008
Content Type:: Journal Article
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: Genocide is a crime which is defined under internatioanal law in the twentieth century and could not come about without the ideological, bureaucratic power of a modern state with is sanctions and modern discources on identities and modern classifications. With a non-modern Picture but with modern techniques of governing Rwanda was a place that genocidal killings occured and is a place of a breaking case for modern theories. Rwanda has modern state characteristics in terms of monopoly of use of violence, giving orders and providing obidience of its people, surveillance, classification and registration of its people, and keeping discourses. Morever, Rwandan culture that gives great importance to obidence and Rwandan geography that is so suitable to surveillance become additional factors. In that sense, Rwandan government could influence to daily life of the people even to the smallest details of anyone. All factors provided a suitable bas efor the crime of genocide.
Topic:: Genocide, Government, and International Law
Political Geography:: Africa and Rwanda

99. Evolution of Interest Representation in the European Union

Author:: Ahmet Arabaci
Publication Date:: 03-2008
Content Type:: Journal Article
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: The new institutionalist theory, unlike the (old) institutionalism, emphasizes the importance of informal structures and values of institutions, beside formal and legal structures. European Union (EU) institutions determine and direct the development of interest representation by using their competens and values. Therefore, the new institutionalist theory can be useful to understand development of interest representation in the EU. Development of interest representation (and lobbying) in the EU, largely, depends on two factors. First one is the changes of the competences of of the EU institutions in EU decision-making process in accordance with the EU treaties. The second one is the changes of the EU institutions' initiatives and attitudes towards the lobbbies. Consequently, the particular changes of the EU decision-making process and the attitudes of the institutions towards the lobbies in the framework in which institutions have competences, resulted followings. The number of lobies has increased, route of interest representations activities has shifted to the EU-leved and a different (pluralistic) model of interest representations has been adopted. The pivotal role of institutional values has become apparent as indicated in the theory of new institutionalism.
Topic:: Development and International Organization
Political Geography:: Europe

100. The Push-Pull Balance in the EU's Democratic Conditionality and its Deterioration

Author:: Ali Resul Usul
Publication Date:: 03-2008
Content Type:: Journal Article
Institution:: Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:: It is possible to argue that there exists a push-pull balance in the EU's democratic conditionality that the EU has been applying since the South European states applied for membership and/or association agreement. This article arguee that this push-pull balance in conditionality has created the Dynamics that could transform candidate states; and the best example that demonstrates the succesful impact of the EU conditionality is the relation between the EU's Eastern enlargement, the EU's democratic conditionality and the successful transformation of political regimes in the Central and Eastern Europe. However, this study puts forward that the push-pull balance of conditionality has started to deteriorate because in particular of the enlargement fatigue in the EU. This change might diminish the impact of the EU's political conditionality in the ongoing enlargement process (Turkey, Croatia and othet Western Balkan states).
Topic:: Democratization
Political Geography:: Europe, Turkey, Eastern Europe, Balkans, and Croatia

Search

Search Constraints

Search Results

Refine your search

Topic

Political Geography

Content Type

Journal

Publishing Institution

Author

Publication Year

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS