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62. Between Russian Assertiveness and Insecurity: Georgia's Political Challenges and Prospect after the Conflict
- Author:
- Kornely K. Kakachia
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- Since its independence, Georgia has been one of the most vocally independent- minded countries among the Soviet Union's successor states. As Georgia's ambitions to draw closer to Europe and the transatlantic community have grown, its relations with Russia have deteriorated. After the Russian aggression and under the global financial crisis Georgia faces security dilemma exacerbated by ambivalent prospect of its Euro-Atlantic integration. The article explores current political challenges in Georgia and “new tone” of Russia's diplomacy aimed to win ideological battle inside the Georgia. It also deals with Georgia's National security issues aftermath of “five day war” and prospects of Russo-Georgian relations.
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Soviet Union, and Georgia
63. OSCE Early Warning in Georgia
- Author:
- Dov Lynch
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Mission to Georgia led OSCE early warning and conflict prevention activities. The Mission was established in December 1992 with the mandate to promote negotiations between the parties to the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in order to reach a political settlement. The article discusses the policies and activities of the OSCE in order to prevent conflict and ensure its peaceful settlement in the country.
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Georgia
64. The Evolution of US Policy towards the Southern Caucasus
- Author:
- S. Neil MacFarlane and George Khelashvili
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- This article examines the evolution of American policy in the Southern Caucasus since 1991. It begins with a discussion of the principal drivers of that policy. A discussion of the evolution of the policy since the end of the Cold War follows. The article argues that US policy in the region has been ad hoc and inconsistent, reflecting ideological considerations (democracy promotion in Georgia), economic interests (access to Caspian Basin energy product and the development of US relations with Azerbaijan), US minority lobbying (US policy towards the Karabagh conflict), and idiosyncratic leadership preference (the personal relationship between Presidents Bush and Saakashvili). This amalgam reflected the weakness of strategic drivers and notably Russia's inability to act on its hegemonic aspirations in the region. As Russian power increases, and its effort to rebuild its influence in the Southern Caucasus grows, the strategic framing of US policy may also be expected to strengthen.
- Political Geography:
- Russia, United States, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and South Caucasus
65. Feminist Uluslararası İlişkiler Yaklaşımı: Temelleri, Gelişimi, Katkı ve Sorunları
- Author:
- Özlem Tür Tür and Çiğdem Aydın Koyuncu
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- This article aims at analyzing the major arguments, criticisms and contributions of the feminist international relations approach, which started to become important in the discipline from late 1980s onwards. Feminist international relations approach argues that there is a hidden male perspective in the discipline and female ideas, problems and changes that women go through are neglected. International Relations discipline is also criticised for being particularistic and subjective. This article will first look at the development of the feminist approach in the international relations discipline and analyze its major criticisms of traditional theories and concepts. The article will later look at different types of feminism and will question the contributions and limitations of the feminist approach to the international relations discipline.
- Topic:
- Women
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
66. 1995 was a Good Year for the South Caucasus
- Author:
- Gerard J. Libaridian
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The article discusses the inter-ethnic conflicts in the South Caucasus while focusing on the policies of the leaders of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia and offers an illuminating account on the role of leadership in conflict resolution while taking into account domestic, regional and international settings. The author considers 1995 as the first year of stabilized region and discusses the reasons why this rare opportunity for conflict resolution in the South Caucasus offered by 1995 was not realized.
- Political Geography:
- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and South Caucasus
67. Bâb-ı Âlî'nin Avrupa'ya Çevrilmiş İki Gözü: Eflak ve Boğdan'da Fenerli Voyvodalar (1711-1821)
- Author:
- Cafer Çiftçi
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The process of 1711-1821 is a different period in terms of governance of Wallachia and Moldavia. In these years, the Ottoman Empire relinquished to appoint local governors for governance of Wallachia and Moldavia and assigned as voivodes the Greek families from the Phanar working in translations of Supreme Court and navy for years. These voivodes selected from aristocratic families residing in Phanar (Fener) district of Istanbul took many important tasks in both governorship in the region they appointed and correspondences with neighbour states in terms of foreign relations of Ottoman Empire and intelligence of confidential activities of them. In this study, Phanariotes are evaluated under light of original historical sources in terms of their positions in Ottoman Empire, their interpreting activities, their appointment to Wallachia and Moldavia as voivode, their intelligence works during period of governorship for Ottoman Empire on political developments and agreements in Europe by means of their intelligencers.
- Topic:
- History
- Political Geography:
- Turkey and Moldavia
68. Foreign Policies of the States of the Caucasus: Evolution in the Post-Soviet Period
- Author:
- Brenda Shaffer
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The article examines the development of the foreign policies and strategies of the three states of the Caucasus-Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia—in the post-Soviet period. The article claims that ideology and identity have had little impact on the alliances and foreign policy orientations adopted by the three states. Second, the three states of the Caucasus adopted fundamentally different policies toward Russia. Third, geographic factors have had significant influence on their foreign policy options. Fourth, managing the results of the secessionist conflicts has been a major goal of their foreign policy efforts and the conflicts are a useful lever of neighboring powers. Fifth, the foreign policy making capability of the three states has expanded significantly. Last, the foreign policy options of the three states have been limited by the policies of the major powers in the region.
- Political Geography:
- Caucasus, Soviet Union, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
69. Post-Soviet Political Transformation in Azerbaijan: Political Elite, Civil Society and the Trials of Democratization
- Author:
- Ayça Ergun
- Publication Date:
- 08-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The aim of this article is to analyze the process of post-Soviet transformation in Azerbaijan while focusing on the process of democratization, peculiarities of the leadership and political elite, success and failure in electoral politics, and development of civil society. I argue that the politics of the post-independence period was shaped by the conflicting co-existence of patterns of continuity and change which determined the path of political transformation in Azerbaijan.
- Political Geography:
- Soviet Union and Azerbaijan
70. CONTENTS
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- No abstract is available.
71. Uluslararası Güç Dengeleri Bağlamında Uluslararası Finans Sisteminin Yeniden Yapılandırılması: Disiplinlerarası Bir Değerlendirme
- Author:
- Gökhan Özkan
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The global financial crisis triggered debate on restructuring international financial system. In this study, restructuring process of the international financial system is evaluated within the context of international balance of power. It is argued that it is insufficient to focus only on the economic dimension, but restructuring should be evaluated by taking into account international political dynamics. This work looks at how differences of opinion between the developed countries, particularly the G-7 countries and the developing (emerging?) countries, particularly Brazil, Russia, India and China shape the process. It is anticipated that the restructuring process will proceed at a modest pace because of the asymmetry of interests and the gap between the understandings of the developing and developed countries about reforming the decision-making mechanisms of the IMF and the World Bank and the diversification of the international monetary system. It is concluded that the new shape of the international financial architecture will depend on the international politics and balance of power as well as the evolution of the global crisis and the economic dynamics.
- Topic:
- International Trade and Finance, International Monetary Fund, Financial Crisis, and World Bank
- Political Geography:
- Russia, China, India, and Brazil
72. Türkiye'de Sivil-Asker İlişkisinin Unutulan Boyutları
- Author:
- Ali Karaosmanoğlu and Behice Özlem Gökakın
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- Many analysts, in explaining civil-military relations in Turkey often develop their arguments within the framework of a binary and conflict-oriented paradigm. Although the confrontational analyses have long been reflective of certain aspects of the Turkish case their explanatory value is increasingly fading as a result of newly crystallizing trends characterized by an intense cooperation between the democratically elected government and the General Staff. The main defect of the dichotomous and confrontational paradigm is that it overlooks three fundamental epistemological approaches: the rational (strategic) action approach; the international structural-institutional approach, and the cultural approach.
- Topic:
- International Cooperation and Military Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Turkey
73. Kosova'nın Bağımsızlığı ve Türk Dış Politikası (1990-2008)
- Author:
- Birgül Demirtaş Coşkun
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- This article seeks to analyze Turkey's policies toward the Kosovo issue since the early 1990's. While Turkey had pursued a rather cautious policy concerning the independence of Kosovo during the Albanian-Serbian conflict, it extended diplomatic recognition only one day after Kosovo declared independence. Turkish recognition took place at a time when countries like Russia and Serbia were objecting to it and a heavy debate was going on regarding whether the Kosovo independence was in line with the international law. The main research question of this study is why Turkey decided to extend its diplomatic recognition on 18 February 2008. The main argument of the paper is that change in Turkish foreign policy toward Kosovo is instrumental and tactical and does not represent a radical transformation. The decision-makers in Turkey continue to follow the line of the Western countries in the first decade of the 21st century as it had been the case during the Cold War and in the 1990's. The article makes it clear that Ankara prepared the necessary background for the recognition of Kosovo in the recent years step by step.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy
- Political Geography:
- Turkey and Kosovo
74. Dış İlişkiler Kapsamında Avrupa Birliği'nin Tüzel Kişiliği ve Lizbon Antlaşması
- Author:
- Derya Büyüktanir
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- This paper examines the European Union’s legal personality in terms of external relations. The developments from the onset of the European integration till the Lisbon Treaty and the structural characteristics of the Union are analyzed in this paper. The Union’s participation and representation in international organizations and the third countries and the problems encountered during the implementation process are examined. The legal personality of the former European Community was abolished with the Lisbon Treaty which took force in 2009. Treaty also contains a catalogue of competence that has brought about some structural changes. As a legal entity the European Union after the Lisbon Treaty will no longer be the object of some problems related with its legal personality. But the extent to which these changes can lead to orchestrated behavior in external politics and solve the problems of representation is highly doubtful.
- Topic:
- International Relations and European Union
- Political Geography:
- Europe and European Union
75. Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin Yaşamın ve Sağlığın Korunması ile İlgili Olarak Taraf Devletlere Yüklediği Pozitif Yükümlülükler
- Author:
- Yüksel Metin
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- In this study, through the concept of positive obligation, the reproductions of positive obligations are clarified, and the positive obligations that the European Convention on Human Rights have imposed on the state parties within the framework of the protection of life and health are presented. At the same time, the approach of the European Court of Human Rights towards protection and use of the rights in the Convention in an effective manner is emphasized. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is used in ascertaining the positive obligations of the Contracting Parties within the area of protection of life and health.
- Topic:
- Health and Human Rights
- Political Geography:
- Europe
76. Hegel, Dünya Tarihi ve Özgürlük Mücadelesi Olarak Uluslararası İlişkiler
- Author:
- Faruk Yalvaç
- Publication Date:
- 05-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- This article attempts to evaluate Hegel's theory of international relations in the context of his general philosophy of history. Hegel defines history as a struggle for freedom for mutual recognition. This is true for individuals as well as for states. The struggle for recognition and freedom is a constant feature of social life. Therefore, it would be wrong to interpret Hegel's philosophy as implying that the struggle for freedom has been completed in the modern nation state and that history has come to an end. However, according to Hegel it would be impossible to predict the future shape of the international society and the form which the struggle for freedom will take as “it is just as foolish to fancy that any philosophy can transcend its present world, as that an individual could leap out of his time or jump over Rhodes. ”
- Topic:
- Political Theory and History
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
77. Ulusaşırı Yandaşlık Ağbağları Perspektifinden Türkiye\'de Demokratikleşme, İnsan Hakları ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları
- Author:
- Bican Şahin and Mete Yildiz
- Publication Date:
- 05-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The purpose of this study is to examine the cooperation between the foreign and domestic NGOs that work in the realm of democratization and human rights in Turkey. The theoretical framework is provided by the literature on “transnational advocacy networks”. Archival research and semi-structured in-depth interviews with the representatives of both foreign and national NGOs are employed as the two main methodological approaches. The findings show that these NGOs share resources such as power, information, experience and money in order to overcome limitations in their political and social environments.
- Topic:
- Human Rights
- Political Geography:
- Turkey
78. Darfur: Koruma Yükümlülüğü ve İnsancıl Müdahale Kavramları Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme
- Author:
- Funda Keskin
- Publication Date:
- 05-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- There is no doubt that gross human rights violations in Darfur exceed the limits of the responsibility to protect of the international community. During the discussions about the situation in Darfur in the Security Council, especially China and Russia put forward the principle of state sovereignty as an argument against intervention. Whatever the result about this contention, it is not possible to take a decision at the Security Council authorizing the member states to intervene in Darfur due to veto right of the permanent members. The African Union as the regional organization would not able to intervene due to its limited capacity and the lack of political will. According to some commentators and states, states like the US or the European Union members who endorse the concept of the responsibility to protect must be able to intervene. Nevertheless, although they never accepted the objection based on the state sovereignty, these states do not have the required political will to intervene by force. This brings us to the result that the major criticism directed against the humanitarian intervention which is its application on a selective basis, persists for the concept of the responsibility to protect as well.
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Russia, China, and Europe
79. Global Inequality: The Current Debate, It's Importance and Policy Recommendations
- Author:
- Selim Erdem Aytaç
- Publication Date:
- 05-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- Despite the recent popularity of the subject of global inequality in the literature, most studies focus only on the debate about the direction and magnitude of change of global inequality during the last few decades, without deliberating about the different policy recommendations needed to address it. This article aims to fill this gap in the literature by reviewing the contemporary research on global inequality with an emphasis on different policy recommendations. In order to introduce the bigger picture, the study also presents a discussion on the latest findings on the level of global inequality and why it should be considered as a significant problem for humanity.
80. Sırp İsyanının Uluslararası Boyutu (1804–1813)
- Author:
- Selim Aslantaş
- Publication Date:
- 05-2009
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Institution:
- Uluslararasi Iliskiler
- Abstract:
- The Serbian uprising (1804-1813), which played a very critical role in the disintegration of Ottoman regime in the Balkans, is one of the most important events in the modern history. It broke out against Dayis who captured the Semendire sanjak (territorial core of 19th century's Serbia) and established an oppressive regime over the Serbians. In the initial phase, the uprising had only a local dimension. When the Ottoman government regarded the uprising as an opportunity to eliminate the Dayis' regime, it supported the rebels. But in a short time, it went well beyond its local character and became an international question. Up to its end in 1813, it preserved this character. In this study we try to answer the following questions: why and how did Serbian uprising become an international question? What were the basic dynamics of the international dimension of Serbian uprising? What were the policies of Ottoman Empire and Great Powers toward the uprising? Which factors were important to the changing of these policies?
- Topic:
- Government and History
- Political Geography:
- Serbia and Balkans